Journal
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Volume 15, Issue 7, Pages 2732-2752Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d2ee00162d
Keywords
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Funding
- Australian Research Council (ARC) [FL170100154, FL210100050]
- Australian Research Council [FL210100050] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
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This article reviews the advances and advantages of automotive LIB recycling, as well as the evaluation of new cycling-oriented designs. The research shows that practical battery recycling can address environmental pollution and resource waste, while promoting sustainability.
Environmental pollution and critical materials loss from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a major global concern. Practical LIB recycling obviates pollution, saves resources and boosts sustainability. However, despite increasing research interest, there is no agreed economic or sustainable automotive battery recycling. In this review, we critically assess advances in automotive LIB recycling with emphasis on practical advantages and design. We rank and compare a range of recycling methods, including present status and how these can be made practically sustainable. We examine the closed-loop design of new batteries to boost recycling performance and critically assess the possible recycling-oriented design of cell configuration, electrode and materials for recycling. We conclude with an appraisal of further research directions including, pre-treatments for recycling, advanced recycling technologies and new cycling-oriented designs for sustainable recycling of LIBs.
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