Journal
PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2081397
Keywords
Lateral root; auxin; receptor kinase; hormone; meristem
Categories
Funding
- science and technology research project of colleges and universities in Hebei province [ZD2018085]
- Hengshui science and technology program research support project [2021014010Z]
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Lateral roots are crucial components of plant root systems, responsible for nutrient uptake and water absorption. Their development is regulated by both endogenous and external factors, and Arabidopsis serves as an ideal model plant for studying the underlying mechanisms.
Lateral roots (LRs) are an important part of plant root systems. In dicots, for example, after plants adapted from aquatic to terrestrial environments, filamentous pseudorhizae evolved to allow nutrient absorption. A typical plant root system comprises a primary root, LRs, root hairs, and a root cap. Classical plant roots exhibit geotropism (the tendency to grow downward into the ground) and can synthesize plant hormones and other essential substances. Root vascular bundles and complex spatial structures enable plants to absorb water and nutrients to meet their nutrient quotas and grow. The primary root carries out most functions during early growth stages but is later overtaken by LRs, underscoring the importance of LR development water and mineral uptake and the soil fixation capacity of the root. LR development is modulated by endogenous plant hormones and external environmental factors, and its underlying mechanisms have been dissected in great detail in Arabidopsis, thanks to its simple root anatomy and the ease of obtaining mutants. This review comprehensively and systematically summarizes past research (largely in Arabidopsis) on LR basic structure, development stages, and molecular mechanisms regulated by different factors, as well as future prospects in LR research, to provide broad background knowledge for root researchers.
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