Anti-neuroinflammatory of Chloroform Extract of Panax ginseng Root Culture on Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 Microglia Cells

Background: It is believed that activation of microglia in the central nervous system upon detection of stimulus like lipopolysaccharides provokes neuroinflammation via the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of various folk medicine has been gaining attention as a strategy to combat various disease. This study aimed to assess the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of chloroform extract of in vitro Panax ginseng root culture based on nitric oxide and cytokines production. Methods: The study was initiated with the determination of maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of P. ginseng root culture chloroform extract using the MTT assay. The lipopolysaccharides-stimulated BV2 microglia cells were treated with MNTD and 1/2MNTD of the extract and its anti-neuroinflammatory properties were assessed by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) via Griess assay, as well as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 using Quantikine ELISA. Results: It was found that the MNTD and 1/2MNTD of the extract did not play a significant role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, TNF-alpha and IL-6. However, the MNTD and 1/2MNTD of chloroform extract significantly increased the anti-inflammatory IL-10 compared to the untreated cells. Conclusions: With this, the chloroform extract of P. ginseng root culture potentially exerts anti-neuroinflammatory properties.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of chloroform extract derived from in vitro Panax ginseng root culture. The extract increases the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, while not significantly affecting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-6.