Journal
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
Volume 32, Issue 12, Pages 8639-8648Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08890-5
Keywords
Magnetic resonance imaging; cine; Hemodynamics; Radiographic image interpretation; computer-assisted; Splanchnic circulation; Imaging; three-dimensional
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [PJT-173319]
- Canada Graduate Scholarship
- TransMedTech Institute [3-54-0000]
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec en Sante (FRQ-S)
- Fondation de l'Association des Radiologistes du Quebec (FARQ) [298509]
- Siemens Healthineers, Canada
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High-resolution 4D flow MRI can accurately assess hepatic artery anatomy and hemodynamics with improved vessel visibility and internal consistency.
Objectives To assess the ability of four-dimensional (4D) flow MRI to measure hepatic arterial hemodynamics by determining the effects of spatial resolution and respiratory motion suppression in vitro and its applicability in vivo with comparison to two-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast MRI. Methods A dynamic hepatic artery phantom and 20 consecutive volunteers were scanned. The accuracies of Cartesian 4D flow sequences with k-space reordering and navigator gating at four spatial resolutions (0.5- to 1-mm isotropic) and navigator acceptance windows (+/- 8 to +/- 2 mm) and one 2D phase-contrast sequence (0.5-mm in -plane) were assessed in vitro at 3 T. Two sequences centered on gastroduodenal and hepatic artery branches were assessed in vivo for intra - and interobserver agreement and compared to 2D phase-contrast. Results In vitro, higher spatial resolution led to a greater decrease in error than narrower navigator window (30.5 to -4.67% vs -6.64 to -4.67% for flow). In vivo, hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries were more often visualized with the higher resolution sequence (90 vs 71%). Despite similar interobserver agreement (kappa = 0.660 and 0.704), the higher resolution sequence had lower variability for area (CV = 20.04 vs 30.67%), flow (CV = 34.92 vs 51.99%), and average velocity (CV = 26.47 vs 44.76%). 4D flow had lower differences between inflow and outflow at the hepatic artery bifurcation (11.03 +/- 5.05% and 15.69 +/- 6.14%) than 2D phase-contrast (28.77 +/- 21.01%). Conclusion High-resolution 4D flow can assess hepatic artery anatomy and hemodynamics with improved accuracy, greater vessel visibility, better interobserver reliability, and internal consistency.
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