3.8 Review

Recent Advances in Influenza, HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevention and Drug Treatment-The Need for Precision Medicine

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

RdRp inhibitors and COVID-19: Is molnupiravir a good option?

Seyed Mohammad Reza Hashemian et al.

Summary: Rapid changes in the viral genome allow viruses to evade host immune response, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is crucial in RNA viral infections. Researchers urgently seek effective treatments for COVID-19, with molnupiravir identified as a potential therapeutic agent.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The NSP14/NSP10 RNA repair complex as a Pan-coronavirus therapeutic target

Gergely Rona et al.

Summary: A novel NSP14-NSP10 inhibitor, sofalcone, was found to enhance the efficacy of remdesivir and exhibit inhibitory activity against various coronaviruses in vitro. This provides proof-of-concept for the NSP14 complex as a therapeutic target.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2022)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The mechanisms of action of ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2-an extensive review

Asiya Kamber Zaidi et al.

Summary: This review article discusses the possible mechanisms of action of ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2 by summarizing the available literature over the years. It proposes a schematic of the key cellular and biomolecular interactions between ivermectin, host cell, and SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 pathogenesis and prevention of complications.

JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS (2022)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug repurposing strategies and key challenges for COVID-19 management

Shubham Mule et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is a clinical outcome of viral infection caused by beta coronavirus strain, with no satisfactory drug developed and an immediate necessity for chemotherapeutic repurposing plan. Drug repurposing is an effective strategy that saves time and costs compared to de novo drug acquisition process.

JOURNAL OF DRUG TARGETING (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mechanisms of action of fluvoxamine for COVID-19: a historical review

Yaeko Hashimoto et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has sparked interest in drug repurposing, particularly in the use of antidepressants. Clinical data suggest that early-stage COVID-19 patients who take antidepressants may have a lower risk of intubation or death. Fluvoxamine, among antidepressants, is the most attractive drug for mild to moderate COVID-19 cases. Additionally, there may be a possible link between maternal COVID-19 infection and a risk for neuropsychiatric disorders in offspring, such as autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A guide to immunotherapy for COVID-19

Frank L. van de Veerdonk et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of the evidence for immunotherapy strategies in COVID-19 patients, aiming to support clinical decision-making. Immune dysregulation plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Immune-based therapies, such as steroids or anti-cytokine therapies, have shown remarkable successes in treating COVID-19 patients. However, the complexity of disease phenotypes, patient heterogeneity, and variable quality of evidence from immunotherapy studies pose challenges to clinical decision-making. This review summarizes the evidence generated by major clinical trials of host-directed therapy and proposes an algorithm for guiding the use of immunotherapy strategies in the clinic, which can not only guide treatment decisions but also inform future trials investigating immunotherapy in severe infections.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

News Item Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

A tale of two antiviral targets - and the COVID-19 drugs that bind them

Megan Cully

Summary: The FDA is considering authorizations for Pfizer's paxlovid and Merck & Co.'s molnupiravir, the first two oral COVID-19 antivirals.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of Antibodies and Antiviral Drugs against Covid-19 Omicron Variant

Emi Takashita et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Optical genome mapping identifies rare structural variations as predisposition factors associated with severe COVID-19

Nikhil Shri Sahajpal et al.

Summary: Optical genome mapping has been used to identify rare and unique structural variants that play a decisive role in the severity of COVID-19, highlighting the need for comprehensive assessment of genomic information.

ISCIENCE (2022)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Baloxavir Marboxil: An Original New Drug against Influenza

Francois Dufrasne

Summary: Baloxavir marboxil is a new drug developed in Japan that treats seasonal flu and has been marketed in multiple countries. It is effective against both influenza A and B viruses, although the B strain is more resistant. The drug is currently undergoing post-marketing surveillance and may be used for treating COVID-19.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2022)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Molnupiravir: A new candidate for COVID-19 treatment

Fariba Pourkarim et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the published literature on the mechanism of action, safety, efficacy, and clinical trials of molnupiravir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES (2022)

Review Infectious Diseases

Antiviral drugs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review with network meta-analysis

George N. Okoli et al.

Summary: The study found no evidence supporting the use of any antiviral drugs for COVID-19 treatment, but cautioned against interpreting the results due to limited evidence, calling for more RCTs to establish a stronger evidence base.

EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY (2022)

Review Engineering, Biomedical

Repurposing pharmaceutical excipients as an antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2

Manisha Malani et al.

Summary: The limited time and large number of deaths due to COVID-19 present a challenge in finding appropriate therapeutic approaches. Drug repositioning and pharmaceutical excipients show promise as fast and effective treatment options, but further verification of their safety and efficacy is required. Meanwhile, alternative methods such as home remedies and phytotherapies are being explored for prevention and therapy in the absence of specific treatments for COVID-19.

JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION (2022)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

A DELUGE OF NEW DRUGS FOR COVID

Heidi Ledford

Summary: Two years into the pandemic, the development of COVID-19 therapeutics is progressing well, introducing innovative treatments and discovering new applications for existing drugs.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Interactions of Co, Cu, and non-metal phthalocyanines with external structures of SARS-CoV-2 using docking and molecular dynamics

Wilson Luna Machado Alencar et al.

Summary: This study explores the potential of phthalocyanines as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 and investigates their interactions with viral proteins using molecular modeling techniques. The results demonstrate that phthalocyanines interact well with the active site residues of the virus, suggesting their potential as promising candidates for antiviral drugs.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Newly Identified COVID-19 Drug Candidates Based on Computational Strategies

Parisa Azerang et al.

Summary: This study identifies potential new drug candidates against COVID-19 using virtual screening and molecular docking techniques based on the quinoline structure. A chemical library of compounds was collected and their interactions with three target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated before laboratory testing. The top five compounds with the best binding energy against each target protein are reported, including a new compound with high affinity to all selected proteins.

JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOPHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY (2022)

Review Microbiology

A Review on the Effectivity of the Current COVID-19 Drugs and Vaccines: Are They Really Working Against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Variants?

Rashed Noor

Summary: Scientists have been working hard to design effective drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to eradicate the COVID-19 pandemic. While some drugs and vaccines have shown effectiveness, the emergence of new virus variants and increased cases have raised doubts about their usefulness. Current reviews have evaluated the efficacy of different drugs and vaccines and recommended measures for future remedies.

CURRENT CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Camostat mesylate against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19-Rationale, dosing and safety

Peter Breining et al.

Summary: Camostat mesylate is a potent inhibitor of the serine protease TMPRSS2, effectively hindering virus-cell membrane fusion and replication, reducing viral load, and potentially improving patient outcomes. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its potential as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.

BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An in-depth analysis of novel combinatorial drug therapy via nanocarriers against HIV/AIDS infection and their clinical perspectives: a systematic review

Abdul Muheem et al.

Summary: Combining multiple antiviral agents in a single nanoformulation offers potential benefits in overcoming the challenges associated with traditional therapy and improving the management of HIV infection. Efforts to develop a promising therapeutic approach for HIV infection through analyzing the mechanism of the virus have not yet succeeded in complete prevention.

EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY (2021)

Review Immunology

Therapeutic drugs for SARS-CoV-2 treatment: Current state and perspective

Joshua Adedeji Bolarin et al.

Summary: This review outlines the usage of antiviral drugs, antibiotics, and immune-stimulants in managing SARS-CoV-2, as well as discussing potential drug interactions and monitoring methods.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Thapsigargin-From Traditional Medicine to Anticancer Drug

Agata Jaskulska et al.

Summary: Thapsigargin is a sesquiterpene lactone found in Mediterranean plants, traditionally used in folk medicine for treating rheumatic pain, lung diseases, and female infertility. It has been discovered to induce apoptosis by inhibiting the SERCA pump, making it a potential antineoplastic agent, but its high toxicity to normal cells hampers its development.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Synergistic and Antagonistic Drug Combinations against SARS-CoV-2

Tesia Bobrowski et al.

Summary: This study identified 16 synergistic drug combinations against SARS-CoV-2, with nitazoxanide combined with remdesivir, amodiaquine, or umifenovir showing significant synergy. However, the combination of remdesivir with lysosomotropic drugs like hydroxychloroquine exhibited strong antagonism. The results highlight the potential of drug repurposing and preclinical testing of drug combinations for treating COVID-19.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19-Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results

Summary: The authors of the study reported the interim results of using four repurposed antiviral drugs (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, and interferon beta-1a) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study showed that these drug regimens had little or no effect on overall mortality, initiation of ventilation, and duration of hospital stay.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Drug Repurposing Screen for Compounds Inhibiting the Cytopathic Effect of SARS-CoV-2

Catherine Z. Chen et al.

Summary: Drug repurposing is a fast approach to identify therapeutics for emerging infectious diseases like COVID-19. A study identified and confirmed 319 compounds with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, including 230 compounds with previously unreported activities. Chlorprothixene, methotrimeprazine, and piperacetazine, three FDA-approved drugs, showed potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities, which were not previously reported.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Article Immunology

Long-term efficacy and safety of fostemsavir among subgroups of heavily treatment-experienced adults with HIV-1

Peter Ackerman et al.

Summary: This study aimed to understand the impact of demographic and treatment-related factors on responses to fostemsavir-based regimens. Results showed that virologic response rates increased over time, with CD4(+) T-cell count increases being comparable across subgroups. Safety analysis revealed more severe adverse events in participants with lower baseline CD4(+) T-cell counts.
Article Medicine, General & Internal

Dolutegravir as First- or Second-Line Treatment for HIV-1 Infection in Children

A. Turkova et al.

Summary: In this trial involving children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection who were starting first- or second-line treatment, dolutegravir-based ART was found to be superior to standard care.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Virology

Discovery of a Novel Specific Inhibitor Targeting Influenza A Virus Nucleoprotein with Pleiotropic Inhibitory Effects on Various Steps of the Viral Life Cycle

Fang Yang et al.

Summary: The study identified a novel influenza A virus NP inhibitor, FA-6005, which showed broad-spectrum efficacy against various human pandemic and seasonal influenza A and B viruses. FA-6005 targets a conserved NP I41 domain and has the potential to be a multifaceted anti-influenza virus therapeutic, providing chemical-level details for inhibitor optimization. This newly identified NP I41 pocket could serve as an attractive target for drug development to inhibit multiple functions of NP and may aid in the development of universal therapeutics for influenza virus infection.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Development and Effects of Influenza Antiviral Drugs

Hang Yin et al.

Summary: Influenza virus is a highly contagious respiratory disease that causes seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. The lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against all flu strains and the emergence of drug-resistant strains are urgent issues, highlighting the need for new antiviral drugs. Research on novel bioactive plant and microbial extracts has shown promising advantages in influenza treatment and offers potential alternatives for further drug development.

MOLECULES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

An oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor clinical candidate for the treatment of COVID-19

Dafydd R. Owen et al.

Summary: PF-07321332, an orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, has been discovered with in vitro pan-human coronavirus antiviral activity and excellent off-target selectivity and in vivo safety profiles. This new drug has shown promise in countering the threat of COVID-19 with its oral activity and safety in clinical trials.

SCIENCE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in the presence of favipiravir-RTP

Katerina Naydenova et al.

Summary: The structure of the RNA polymerase inhibitor favipiravir bound to the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been determined, revealing its binding mode at the catalytic site. The inhibitor is weakly incorporated into the RNA primer strand, leading to suppression of RNA replication in the presence of natural nucleotides.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Plitidepsin has potent preclinical efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the host protein eEF1A

Kris M. White et al.

Summary: The study revealed that plitidepsin possesses potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, more effective than the approved drug remdesivir. By inhibiting the eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A, plitidepsin can significantly reduce viral replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of mice, making it a promising candidate for COVID-19 treatment.

SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Dynamic, Supramolecular View on the Multivalent Interaction between Influenza Virus and Host Cell

Nico J. Overeem et al.

Summary: This review explores how influenza viruses navigate mucus and recognize host cells through multivalent interactions. The surface proteins of the influenza A virus facilitate specific binding to host cells, and the importance of these multivalent interactions in crossing mucus and entering host cells is discussed. Techniques to measure the avidity and receptor specificity of influenza viruses are also reviewed.

SMALL (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity

Markus Hoffmann et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that Camostat mesylate and its metabolite GBPA can block the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung tissue, and the related protease inhibitor Nafamostat mesylate exhibits enhanced antiviral activity.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants: comparative replication dynamics and high sensitivity to thapsigargin

Sarah Al-Beltagi et al.

Summary: The Delta variant of the COVID-19 virus has shown to have the highest replication rate and infectivity among the Alpha and Beta variants, and can boost the replication of co-infected viruses. Thapsigargin (TG) has proven to be highly effective in inhibiting all three variants, and can exhibit synergy in co-infections, effectively blocking viral replication.

VIRULENCE (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 Clinical Trials Provide Very Effective Therapeutic Combinations: Lessons Learned From Major Clinical Studies

Chiranjib Chakraborty et al.

Summary: The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 globally has highlighted the need for effective treatment options. Drug repurposing of existing medications has become a key strategy in managing COVID-19 patients. Clinical trials conducted across multiple countries have shown promising results in antiviral and immunotherapeutic treatments, indicating the importance of further research in this area.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Review Immunology

The Role of GM-CSF Autoantibodies in Infection and Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A Concise Review

Ali Ataya et al.

Summary: The article reviews the role of GM-CSF in aPAP pathogenesis and pulmonary homeostasis, as well as the increased incidence of infections.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Combined treatment of molnupiravir and favipiravir against SARS-CoV-2 infection: One

Philippine Eloy et al.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Precision Medicine for COVID-19 Phenotype Anarchy or Promise Realized?

Kimberley DeMerle et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Healthcare practice strategies for integrating personalized medicine: Management of COVID-19

Wen-Yi Liu et al.

Summary: Personalized medicine tailors clinical treatment to individual characteristics, potentially changing the way health problems are managed. The management of COVID-19 is currently being discussed in relation to personalized medicine.

WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES (2021)

Review Immunology

Clinical efficacy and safety of baloxavir marboxil in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Yu-Chi Kuo et al.

Summary: Baloxavir is superior to placebo in both clinical outcome and virological response; Compared to oseltamivir, baloxavir shows better virological response; Baloxavir appears to be a relatively safe anti-influenza agent when compared with oseltamivir and placebo.

JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Current Potential Therapeutic Approaches against SARS-CoV-2: A Review

Dharmendra Kumar Yadav et al.

Summary: The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic poses a serious threat to global public health with no effective treatment available yet. Various pharmaceutical approaches have been proposed to prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection, including inhibitors of TMPRSS2 and ACE2, as well as antiviral drugs like remdesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, arbidol, and favipiravir. These treatments have shown to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and mortality associated with COVID-19.

BIOMEDICINES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Antiviral Properties of the NSAID Drug Naproxen Targeting the Nucleoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus

Olivier Terrier et al.

Summary: The study investigates the efficacy of naproxen as an antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2, finding that it can inhibit viral replication in infected cells and protect respiratory epithelium from damage. Compared to other tested drugs, naproxen combines antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties.

MOLECULES (2021)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

STOCKING THE SHELVES FOR THE NEXT PANDEMIC

Elie Dolgin

NATURE (2021)

Review Virology

Antivirals Targeting the Surface Glycoproteins of Influenza Virus: Mechanisms of Action and Resistance

Yaqin Bai et al.

Summary: Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are critical parts of influenza viruses, serving as targets for immune response and antiviral drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir are commonly used against influenza, while antivirals targeting hemagglutinin are newer with a higher resistance threshold.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Fluvoxamine: A Review of Its Mechanism of Action and Its Role in COVID-19

Vikas P. Sukhatme et al.

Summary: Fluvoxamine, a well-tolerated and widely available selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has shown potential in preventing clinical deterioration of COVID-19 patients in a small study. It functions through various mechanisms such as antiviral effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulation of coagulopathy.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Current Strategies of Antiviral Drug Discovery for COVID-19

Miao Mei et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that has caused the global COVID-19 pandemic, with no effective antiviral drugs currently available, leading to the urgent need for research and development of new treatment strategies.

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Interface-based design of the favipiravir-binding site in SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase reveals mutations conferring resistance to chain termination

Aditya K. Padhi et al.

Summary: Favipiravir is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, but mutations in the RdRp may lead to resistance. By focusing on the chain-termination mechanism used by favipiravir, researchers identified potential mutational hotspots and single-point mutants that could confer resistance. This study improves our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 may adapt against favipiravir.

FEBS LETTERS (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Exploring New Scaffolds for the Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 RT Polymerase and Ribonuclease Associated Functions

Rita Meleddu et al.

Summary: Current therapy for HIV infection involves a combination of antiretroviral drugs to reduce the selection of resistant mutants. A study has investigated potential multi-target agents for anti-HIV treatment, with a compound showing the most potent inhibition against certain functions of HIV reverse transcriptase.

MOLECULES (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Novel Antiretroviral Therapeutic Strategies for HIV

Rita F. Cunha et al.

Summary: AIDS was initially a deadly disease without any cure, and current treatment mainly involves antiretroviral drugs that can reduce viral load but have drawbacks such as side effects and drug resistance. New drugs, delivery systems, and vaccines are being tested in clinical trials to address these issues. Nanotechnology has shown promise in improving drug release and pharmacokinetics for antiretroviral therapy.

MOLECULES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold

John Jumper et al.

Summary: Proteins are essential for life, and accurate prediction of their structures is a crucial research problem. Current experimental methods are time-consuming, highlighting the need for accurate computational approaches to address the gap in structural coverage. Despite recent progress, existing methods fall short of atomic accuracy in protein structure prediction.

NATURE (2021)

Review Genetics & Heredity

HIV-1 and human genetic variation

Paul J. McLaren et al.

Summary: Research has shown how HIV infection affects human immunity and how human genetic variation impacts our response to HIV. Studies have also found that HIV integrates into the human genome and explored new therapeutic approaches for HIV infection.

NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS (2021)

Review Virology

Co-receptor signaling in the pathogenesis of neuroHIV

E. A. Nickoloff-Bybel et al.

Summary: HIV co-receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are crucial for virus entry into cells and may contribute to neuroHIV development. Despite their importance in HIV pathogenesis, only one therapeutic option exists to target these receptors, and our understanding of co-receptor signaling in neuroHIV remains limited.

RETROVIROLOGY (2021)

Article Virology

Simple rapid in vitro screening method for SARS-CoV-2 anti-virals that identifies potential cytomorbidity-associated false positives

Kexin Yan et al.

Summary: This study introduces a simple in vitro drug screening method to identify potential anti-viral drugs by inhibiting SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effects. An additional growth assay showed that some drugs exhibit anti-viral activity at concentrations inducing cytomorbidity.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2021)

Review Virology

Mutation Rates, Mutation Frequencies, and Proofreading-Repair Activities in RNA Virus Genetics

Esteban Domingo et al.

Summary: The error rate during template copying for viral RNA progeny production is a biologically relevant parameter for virus replication complexes, with implications for virus-host interactions and virus diversification. Mutation rates for RNA viruses range from 10(-3) to 10(-6) copying errors per nucleotide incorporated into the new RNA product. Some viruses possess error correction mechanisms, like the proofreading-repair 3' to 5' exonuclease in coronaviruses, to decrease error rates during replication and maintain genetic stability.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multi-level inhibition of coronavirus replication by chemical ER stress

Mohammed Samer Shaban et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the ER stress inducer thapsigargin can efficiently inhibit coronavirus replication, partially reverse virus-induced translational shut-down, and improve cell viability. Thapsigargin affects various mechanisms crucial for CoV replication and could potentially be developed into broad-spectrum anti-CoV drugs.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Review Medicine, General & Internal

Comparison of Antiviral Agents for Seasonal Influenza Outcomes in Healthy Adults and Children A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Jen-Wei Liu et al.

Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of neuraminidase inhibitors and the endonuclease inhibitor for the treatment of seasonal influenza among healthy adults and children. The results showed that zanamivir was associated with the shortest time to alleviation of influenza symptoms, while baloxavir was associated with reduced rate of influenza-related complications.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

Review Geriatrics & Gerontology

Patho-Physiology of Aging and Immune-Senescence: Possible Correlates With Comorbidity and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Old COVID-19 Patients

Saba Farheen et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, elderly individuals have been at a higher risk of infection and complications due to weakened immune systems and common comorbidities, highlighting the importance of understanding age-related immune dysfunction for targeted strategies in elderly patients.

FRONTIERS IN AGING (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Drug targets, mechanisms of drug action, and therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2

N. R. Jena

Summary: This article summarizes various attempts to design therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the mechanisms of drug action and ways to design better protein inhibitors. The roles of antioxidants and vitamins in suppressing COVID19 are also discussed.

CHEMICAL PHYSICS IMPACT (2021)

Review Microbiology

Coronavirus biology and replication: implications for SARS-CoV-2

Philip V'kovski et al.

Summary: This review discusses key aspects of coronavirus biology and their implications for SARS-CoV-2 infections, treatment, and prevention strategies. Understanding virus-host interactions at the molecular level is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. Summarizing the discoveries of SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparing it with other coronaviruses will support future preparedness and combat strategies.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tailoring mRNA Vaccine to Balance Innate/Adaptive Immune Response

Sergio Linares-Fernandez et al.

TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HLA-DM catalytically enhances peptide dissociation by sensing peptide?MHC class II interactions throughout the peptide-binding cleft

Eduardo Reyes-Vargas et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Ivermectin and COVID-19: Keeping Rigor in Times of Urgency

Carlos Chaccour et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2020)

Article Microbiology

Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-Approved Drugs

Sangeun Jeon et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2020)

Review Microbiology

Host-Directed Antiviral Therapy

Naveen Kumar et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Machine learning models for drug-target interactions: current knowledge and future directions

Sofia D'Souza et al.

DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Több támadáspontú gyógyszerek: múlt, jelen és jövő

Péter Mátyus

ORVOSI HETILAP (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multitargeting Compounds: A Promising Strategy to Overcome Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

Giovanni Stelitano et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing

David E. Gordon et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fostemsavir in Adults with Multidrug-Resistant HIV-1 Infection

Michael Kozal et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Leon Caly et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2020)

Review Microbiology

Network-Based Analysis of OMICs Data to Understand the HIV-Host Interaction

Sergey Ivanov et al.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Computational Drug Repositioning: Current Progress and Challenges

Younhee Ko

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2020)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Editorial: In silico Methods for Drug Design and Discovery

Simone Brogi et al.

FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen

Fatemeh Heidary et al.

JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

A painful lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic: the need for broad-spectrum, host-directed antivirals

Vipul C. Chitalia et al.

JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

MAKING SENSE OF CORONAVIRUS MUTATIONS

Ewen Callaway

NATURE (2020)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

EMBRACE OF UNPROVEN COVID TREATMENT HINDERS DRUG TRIALS

Emiliano Rodriguez Mega

NATURE (2020)

Article Virology

HLA-associated protection of lymphocytes during influenza virus infection

Eliana E. Ochoa et al.

VIROLOGY JOURNAL (2020)

Review Immunology

Phage Display Derived Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside

Mohamed A. Alfaleh et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Discovery of HIV entry inhibitors via a hybrid CXCR4 and CCR5 receptor pharmacophore-based virtual screening approach

Muhammad Usman Mirza et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2020)

Review Microbiology

Anti-Influenza Strategies Based on Nanoparticle Applications

Klaudia Wieczorek et al.

PATHOGENS (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Advanced drug delivery systems can assist in managing influenza virus infection: A hypothesis

Yinghan Chan et al.

MEDICAL HYPOTHESES (2020)

Editorial Material Critical Care Medicine

Precision medicine for COVID-19: a call for better clinical trials

Gentle Sunder Shrestha et al.

CRITICAL CARE (2020)

Review Virology

Curcumin as an Antiviral Agent

Morgan R. Jennings et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Recent developments of nanotherapeutics for targeted and long-acting, combination HIV chemotherapy

Yu Gao et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS (2019)

Review Infectious Diseases

A year of terror and a century of reflection: perspectives on the great influenza pandemic of 1918-1919

Michaela E. Nickol et al.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Identification of NMS-873, an allosteric and specific p97 inhibitor, as a broad antiviral against both influenza A and B viruses

Jiantao Zhang et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2019)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

CCR5/CXCR4 Dual Antagonism for the Improvement of HIV Infection Therapy

Fedora Grande et al.

MOLECULES (2019)

Review Virology

Influenza Virus Infections and Cellular Kinases

Robert Meineke et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2019)

Editorial Material Virology

What's New with Flu? An Overview

Seema S. Lakdawala et al.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2019)

Review Immunology

Current and Novel Approaches in Influenza Management

Erasmus Kotey et al.

VACCINES (2019)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

An Influenza Virus Entry Inhibitor Targets Class II PI3 Kinase and Synergizes with Oseltamivir

Ryan O'Hanlon et al.

ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

Article Infectious Diseases

Antiviral Therapy for the Next Influenza Pandemic

Aeron C. Hurt

TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Repurposing of Kinase Inhibitors as Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs

Stanford Schor et al.

DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY (2018)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Oseltamivir-zanamivir combination therapy suppresses drug-resistant H1N1 influenza A viruses in the hollow fiber infection model (HFIM) system

Camilly P. Pires de Mello et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2018)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In-depth phylodynamics, evolutionary analysis and in silico predictions of universal epitopes of Influenza A subtypes and Influenza B viruses

Ricardo Duraes-Carvalho et al.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Characterization of Nanodiamond-based anti-HIV drug Delivery to the Brain

Upal Roy et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Epidemiological characteristics of human-infective RNA viruses

Mark E. J. Woolhouse et al.

SCIENTIFIC DATA (2018)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Reassessing the Global Mortality Burden of the 1918 Influenza Pandemic

Peter Spreeuwenberg et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2018)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Baloxavir Marboxil for Uncomplicated Influenza in Adults and Adolescents

Frederick G. Hayden et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

Article Oncology

A perspective on multi-target drug discovery and design for complex diseases

Rona R. Ramsay et al.

CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2018)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Favipiravir (T-705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase

Yousuke Furuta et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY SERIES B-PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structural and regulatory diversity shape HLA-C protein expression levels

Gurman Kaur et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Advancements in Developing Strategies for Sterilizing and Functional HIV Cures

Wei Xu et al.

BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL (2017)

Article Immunology

The genetic background influences the cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccines

M. Zeng et al.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY (2016)

Review Microbiology

Approved Antiviral Drugs over the Past 50 Years

Erik De Clercq et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS (2016)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

One size does not fit all: Challenging some dogmas and taboos in drug discovery

Christina L. L. Chai et al.

FUTURE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2016)

Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Phage display-derived human antibodies in clinical development and therapy

Andre Frenzel et al.

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys

Travis K. Warren et al.

NATURE (2016)

Article Respiratory System

Aging of the Immune System Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Cornelia M. Weyand et al.

ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY (2016)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors as Antiviral Agents to Control Influenza A Virus Replication

Olivia Perwitasari et al.

ASSAY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES (2015)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

High-Throughput HIV-Cell Fusion Assay for Discovery of Virus Entry Inhibitors

Mariana Marin et al.

ASSAY AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES (2015)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Inhibition of HIV-1 entry by the tricyclic coumarin GUT-70 through the modification of membrane fluidity

Kouki Matsuda et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The evolution of three decades of antiretroviral therapy: challenges, triumphs and the promise of the future

Alice Tseng et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2015)

Article Infectious Diseases

The 1918 influenza pandemic in New York City: age-specific timing, mortality, and transmission dynamics

Wan Yang et al.

INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES (2014)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structure and assembly of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein complex

Wenjie Zheng et al.

FEBS LETTERS (2013)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Natural SIV Hosts: Showing AIDS the Door

Ann Chahroudi et al.

SCIENCE (2012)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice

Thomas Pertel et al.

NATURE (2011)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ivermectin, 'Wonder drug' from Japan: the human use perspective

Andy Crump et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY SERIES B-PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2011)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Coronaviruses An RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity

Mark R. Denison et al.

RNA BIOLOGY (2011)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Direct activation of protein kinases by unanchored polyubiquitin chains

Zong-Ping Xia et al.

NATURE (2009)

Review Cell Biology

Stem cells and aging in the hematopoietic system

Luigi A. Warren et al.

MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT (2009)

Editorial Material Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Management of hepatitis C virus infection in HIV/HCV co-infected patients: Clinical review

Ashwani K. Singal et al.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2009)

Article Immunology

Influenza pandemics of the 20th century

ED Kilbourne

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2006)