4.7 Article

Cascade-Enhanced Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Okadaic Acid in Seawater, Fish, and Seafood

Journal

FOODS
Volume 11, Issue 12, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/foods11121691

Keywords

phycotoxins; okadaic acid; lateral flow immunoassay; signal amplification; seawater; seafood

Funding

  1. Russian Science Foundation [20-43-07001]
  2. Russian Science Foundation [20-43-07001] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation

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In this investigation, a new approach for developing a sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of the hazardous marine toxin okadaic acid (OA) was proposed. The method utilizes an indirect format with anti-species antibodies labeled by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cascade signal amplification. The developed test system showed improved detection limit and cutoff compared to LFIA without amplification. It has potential applications in point-of-care monitoring of samples for phycotoxin contamination and highly sensitive detection of trace amounts of contaminants.
In this investigation, a new approach for developing a sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) was proposed for the detection of the hazardous marine toxin okadaic acid (OA). It is based on the indirect format with anti-species antibodies labeled by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and cascade signal amplification. The latter is performed by first passing a mixture of anti-OA antibodies and a tested sample along the immunochromatographic test strip and then performing several cycles of the interaction of anti-species antibodies conjugated with AuNPs with free antibodies, which bind to anti-species antibodies but are not specific to the target analyte. As a result, branched aggregates are formed, due to which the colorimetric signal intensification occurs. The developed test system enabled the detection of OA with an instrumental detection limit of 30 pg/mL and a cutoff of 1 ng/mL, which exceeds these characteristics in the LFIA without amplification by 7 and 2 times, respectively. The OA recoveries from seawater, fish, and seafood varied from 76.9% to 126%. The test system may be required for point-of-care monitoring of samples for phycotoxin contamination; the developed principle of signal amplification can be used in cases where highly sensitive detection of trace amounts of a contaminant is required.

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