Fatty Acid Incorporation in the Muscle, Oxidative Markers, Lipid Peroxidation and PPAR-a and SREBP-2 Expression of Zebrafish Fed Linseed Oil and Clove Leaf Essential Oil

The objective of this study is to assess, in zebrafish, the effects of combining linseed oil (LO) and clove leaf essential oil (CLEO) on the incorporation of fatty acids in the muscle, oxidative markers, lipid peroxidation and expression of the PPAR-alpha (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-alpha) and the SREBP-2 (Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-2) genes. Six diets were prepared, containing combinations of LO (3, 6 and 9%) and CLEO (0.5 and 1%): 3% LO + 0.5% CLEO; 3% LO + 1% CLEO; 6% LO + 0.5% CLEO; 6% LO + 1% CLEO; 9% LO + 0.5% CLEO; 9% LO + 1% CLEO. Results showed increase in the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids in the muscle concomitantly with the addition of LO and CLEO. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced and the glutathione content had increased. Lipid peroxidation was lower in the treatment with 1% CLEO, regardless of LO content. The expression of the PPAR-alpha and the SREBP-2 genes was higher in animals fed 9% LO + 0.5% CLEO. Therefore, for a greater incorporation and protection against the oxidative damages of n-3 fatty acids, a combined use of 9% LO with 0.5% CLEO is recommended for zebrafish.

Automated summary

This study assessed the effects of combining linseed oil (LO) and clove leaf essential oil (CLEO) on fatty acid incorporation, oxidative markers, lipid peroxidation, and gene expression in zebrafish. The results showed that the combination of LO and CLEO increased the incorporation of n-3 fatty acids in the muscle and reduced oxidative damage.