The pressing need for green nanofluids: A review

Possessing the same efficacious thermophysical properties as their conventional counterparts, the green nano-fluids are prepared by facile, cost-effective, safe, clean, and eco-friendly synthesis processes that entail minimal hazardous implications on public health and surrounding environment. This work of review intends to offer a general overview of the biosynthesis methods of preparation of these bio-friendly heat transfer fluids, their fundamental properties, and main potential fields of application. Also, this survey highlights the urgent necessity to adopt the development and use of green nanofluids and correspondent environmentally benevolent methods of preparation. This trend will mitigate the risks and threats posed by the conventional nanofluids and their physical and chemical manufacturing methods to human health and environment, especially in the actual era where the carbon dioxide emissions and other discharged hazards loads to the atmosphere and climate change are continuously increasing worries. There is no doubt about the paramount importance of adopting novel green nanomaterials and breakthrough green technologies as soon as possible. Particularly, the synthesis of bio-friendly nanofluids, using bioactive compounds present in abundant and renewable natural extracts, and the use of this novel class of heat transfer fluids in thermal management systems will undoubtedly constitute a major benefit to the public and to the preservation of the environment.

Automated summary

Green nano-fluids possess similar thermophysical properties as their conventional counterparts and are prepared using facile, cost-effective, safe, clean, and eco-friendly synthesis processes that have minimal hazardous implications on public health and the environment. The development and use of these green nanofluids and environmentally benevolent methods of preparation are urgently needed to mitigate the risks posed by conventional nanofluids and their manufacturing methods to human health and the environment, especially in the face of increasing carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental concerns. Adopting novel green nanomaterials and breakthrough green technologies, such as bio-friendly nanofluids synthesized from abundant and renewable natural extracts, will greatly benefit the public and contribute to environmental preservation.