Open-air Museums - the Future of the Presentation of Spiritual and Architectural Heritage

The origins of open-air museums date back to the nineteenth century and from the very beginning were closely linked to efforts to capture, preserve and present folk culture. However, during the course of the twentieth century, especially in its later part, the concept of open-air museums began to expand. Open-air museums were founded that focused on urban, industrial and military environments, ecological issues, or on charting the life of prehistoric and ancient cultures. Along with this, the methodological concept for this specific type of institution saw some development, and the interdisciplinary approaches expanded in response, covering a wide range of humanities as well as natural sciences. Besides the academic approach, a social and community overlap is also required from these institutions. This article poses the question of how the concept of open-air museums can continue to develop and what direction the role of presenting cultural heritage in an open landscape could take in the future. The arguments herein are based on the philosophical and spiritual dimension of man's dwelling in the world and his relationship to the landscape in which he lives. We believe that the future of open-air museums should, wherever possible, focus on the preservation of monuments in their historical context and especially in their natural links in terms of landscape, urbanism and architecture. To ensure this concept remains sustainable, it is necessary that these monuments be involved in the life of villages and communities, ideally also on the basis of cooperation between academia and local entities, which are usually villages or municipalities and citizens' initiatives. Examples of such a direction can be seen in the founding and running of Rochus Park in the Uherske Hradiste region and in the concept of the association of villages called Marianska zahrada in the Jicin region, both in the Czech Republic.

Automated summary

Open-air museums originated in the nineteenth century and were initially focused on preserving folk culture. However, in the twentieth century, they expanded to include urban, industrial, and military environments, as well as ecological and ancient cultures. This article discusses the future development of open-air museums and emphasizes the importance of preserving monuments in their historical and natural contexts. It also highlights the need for collaboration between academia, local entities, and communities to ensure sustainability.