Journal
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
Volume 3, Issue 4, Pages 451-458Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nww061
Keywords
arsenic; arsenobetaine; arsenocholine; arsenosugars; biosynthesis; arsenic metabolism; speciation
Categories
Funding
- Alberta Innovates-Energy and Environment Solutions
- Canada Research Chairs Program
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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Arsenobetaine (AsB) is a non-toxic organo arsenical identified as a major arsenic species in marine animals and a number of terrestrial mushrooms. Since its first identification nearly 40 years ago, numerous studies investigating the biosynthesis and function of AsB have been carried out, although molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Where and how is AsB formed? Why do marine animals acquire high concentrations of AsB? This review briefly summarizes the current progress of AsB research toward understanding its origin, function and the putative pathways for its biosynthesis. This paper also suggests potential future studies in the attempt to solve the AsB mystery.
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