Optical-plug-assisted spin vortex in a 87Rb dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Generating a spin vortex in a Rb-87 dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in a controllable way is still experimentally challenging. We propose an experimentally easy and tunable way to produce a spin vortex by varying the potential barrier height and the width of an additionally applied optical plug. A topological phase transition occurs from the trivial single-mode approximation phase to the optical-plug-assisted-vortex one, as the barrier height increases and the width lies in an appropriate range. The optical plug causes radial density variation and thus the spin vortex is favored by significantly lowering the intrinsic magnetic dipolar energy. A type of coreless spin vortex, different from the conventional polar core vortex, is predicted by our numerical results. Our proposal removes a major obstacle to investigating the topological phase transition in a Rb-87 dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensate.

Automated summary

Generating a spin vortex in a Rb-87 dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensate in a controllable way is still challenging. This paper proposes an experimentally easy and tunable method to produce a spin vortex by varying the potential barrier height and the width of an additionally applied optical plug. The results predict a coreless spin vortex, different from the conventional polar core vortex.