Concluding remarks: Photoelectron spectroscopy and the future of surface analysis

The Faraday Discussion on Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the Future of Surface Analysis was held both in person and virtually in London, April 20-22, 2022. In my concluding lecture I have highlighted three different recent directions in the field; (i) in situ and operando, (ii) buried interfaces and (iii) time resolved measurements. I have based my lecture on most recent studies conducted in my research group in all these 3 directions. In particular, the new operando instrument POLARIS, located at the brightest hard X-ray beamline at DESY for photoelectron spectroscopy, has opened new avenues to address important problems in catalysis that are essential for society to become fossil free.

Automated summary

The Faraday Discussion on Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the Future of Surface Analysis, held in London from April 20 to 22, 2022, discussed recent advancements in three directions: in situ and operando, buried interfaces, and time resolved measurements. The speaker highlighted the significance of the new operando instrument, POLARIS, for addressing crucial problems in catalysis towards achieving a fossil-free society.