Preexisting Heterotypic Ligand-blocking Antibody Does Not Protect Against Genogroup II Norovirus Episodes in Young Children

Article Immunology

Homotypic and Heterotypic Protection and Risk of Reinfection Following Natural Norovirus Infection in a Highly Endemic Setting

Preeti Chhabra et al.

Summary: Children infected with GII.4 noroviruses demonstrated both homotypic and heterotypic protection to reinfection with other genotypes, supporting the need for ongoing vaccine development efforts with GII.4 as the main component. Prior exposure to GI.3, GII.2, and GII.17 infections enhanced susceptibility to subsequent infections with several other norovirus genotypes.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Birth Cohort Studies: Toward Understanding Protective Immunity to Human Noroviruses

Robert L. Atmar et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Virology

Single-step RT-PCR assay for dual genotyping of GI and GII norovirus strains

Preeti Chhabra et al.

Summary: This study validated a one-step conventional RT-PCR assay for dual typing of GI and GII noroviruses, successfully genotyping most known genotypes infecting humans. The use of broadly reactive genotyping assays greatly enhances the exchange of standardized genotype data globally to monitor trends in genotype diversity, which is essential for vaccine development and impact measurement.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Virology

Human Calicivirus Typing tool: A web-based tool for genotyping human norovirus and sapovirus sequences

Roman L. Tatusov et al.

Summary: The web-based HuCaT tool is able to rapidly and accurately genotype human noroviruses and sapoviruses, achieving 100% accuracy by comparing query sequences to curated reference sequences. It is much faster than other methods such as BLAST or phylogenetic analyses, making it an effective tool for genotyping of these viruses.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Risk Factors and Clinical Profile of Sapovirus-associated Acute Gastroenteritis in Early Childhood A Nicaraguan Birth Cohort Study

Nadja A. Vielot et al.

Summary: Sapovirus is a common etiology of acute gastroenteritis in Central America, with risk factors including contact with individuals with AGE symptoms and vaginal delivery. Cases of sapovirus AGE typically experience diarrhea lasting about 6 days, often with co-infections such as diarrheagenic Escherichia coli or astrovirus. The clinical profile of sapovirus AGE is similar in severity to AGE caused by other etiologies, with a novel finding of an association with vaginal delivery. Further investigation into biological mechanisms is needed to explore this relationship.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Immunology