Scheduling Under Uncertainty for Industry 4.0 and 5.0

This article provides a review about how uncertainties in increasingly complex production and supply chains should be addressed in scheduling tasks. Uncertainty management will be particularly important in Industry 5.0 solutions that will require the close integration of operators and technical systems. To prepare for these challenging developments, this work reviews the sources of uncertainty and the scheduling algorithms that deal with the different types of models developed to handle the uncertain nature of the elements and the environment of complex technological systems. The paper not only identifies the challenges, but also the main building blocks that can help to manage and reduce uncertainties based on the I4.0 and I5.0 solutions. We hope that this study will serve as a starting point for R&D projects and algorithm developments, which will be needed primarily in the field of multi-agent, multistage and inverse optimizations.

Automated summary

This article provides a review on how to address uncertainties in complex production and supply chains in scheduling tasks. It discusses the sources of uncertainties, scheduling algorithms, and models for handling uncertain elements and environments. The article also highlights the importance of I4.0 and I5.0 solutions in managing and reducing uncertainties. It hopes to serve as a starting point for R&D projects and algorithm developments in multi-agent, multistage, and inverse optimizations.