4.6 Article

Interfacing brain organoids with precision medicine and machine learning

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human brain organogenesis: Toward a cellular understanding of development and disease

Kevin W. Kelley et al.

Summary: The construction of the human nervous system is a complex and regulated process. Recent advancements in genomics and stem cell-based tissue modeling have allowed for a better understanding of human neural development and dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disease.
Article Cell Biology

Functional Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Models of the Brain with Microelectrode Arrays

Anssi Pelkonen et al.

Summary: This article reviews the literature on the functional characterization of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived two- and three-dimensional brain models using microelectrode arrays (MEAs) and compares them to MEA recordings from the human brain. The study finds that network activity in two-dimensional hPSC-derived brain models is comparable to the human brain and reveals pathology-associated changes in disease models. Three-dimensional hPSC-derived models possess a more relevant microenvironment and tissue architecture, allowing for more complex modeling of network activity.

CELLS (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Emerging Bioelectronics for Brain Organoid Electrophysiology

Kazi Tasnim et al.

Summary: Human brain organoids generated from human stem cells can partially replicate the development and complexity of the human brain. Understanding their electrophysiological properties requires advanced electrophysiological measurement technologies. This review provides an overview of the development, generation, and applications of human brain organoids, discusses conventional methods for characterizing their properties, and highlights the need for minimally invasive electrophysiological characterization. The review also presents recent advances in electrophysiological measurement technologies and their applications in brain organoid research, as well as the emerging tool of cyborg organoids for high spatiotemporal resolution characterization. The future perspectives of achieving high-throughput, multimodal characterizations from the same brain organoids are also discussed.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (2022)

Review Ethics

The Many Moral Matters of Organoid Models: A systematic review of reasons

Andrew J. Barnhart et al.

Summary: This systematic review examines the ethical issues, moral arguments, and reasons found in the literature on organoid models. The study identifies five themes related to animal experimentation, clinical applications and experiments, commercialization and consent, organoid ontology and moral status, and research ethics and research integrity. However, further deliberation is required to fully address the ethical concerns surrounding organoids.

MEDICINE HEALTH CARE AND PHILOSOPHY (2022)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Culture Variabilities of Human iPSC-Derived Cerebral Organoids Are a Major Issue for the Modelling of Phenotypes Observed in Alzheimer's Disease

Damian Hernandez et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that pathological hallmarks of AD are observed in cerebral organoids, and their variation is mainly independent of the APOE-epsilon status of the cells, but associated with the high variability of cerebral organoid differentiation.

STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS (2022)

Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Modeling neurodegenerative diseases with cerebral organoids and other three-dimensional culture systems: focus on Alzheimer's disease

Lalitha Venkataraman et al.

Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein assemblies, causing damage to the brain. Animal and in vitro studies have not been successful in identifying treatment options, leading to the development of 3D culture systems, such as cerebral organoids, to better model NDs. This review discusses the advantages, challenges, and future directions of using 3D culture systems for studying NDs.

STEM CELL REVIEWS AND REPORTS (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Brain organoids: an ensemble of bioassays to investigate human neurodevelopment and disease

Jaydeep Sidhaye et al.

Summary: Brain organoids provide a valuable tool for studying aspects of human brain development and diseases in vitro. Various brain organoid techniques offer bioassays for investigating new phenotypes associated with human brain disorders that are difficult to study in traditional monolayer cultures. Brain organoids have proven to be particularly useful for studying phenomena and diseases related to neural progenitor morphology, survival, proliferation, and differentiation.

CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Loss of function of the mitochondrial peptidase PITRM1 induces proteotoxic stress and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in human cerebral organoids

Maria Jose Perez et al.

Summary: Mutations in the PITRM1 gene lead to a slow-progressing syndrome characterized by cerebellar ataxia and cognitive decline. Studies using PITRM1-knockout iPSCs show induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response and increased mitochondrial clearance in neurons, as well as elevated levels of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta. Astrocytes also show dysregulated immune transcriptional signatures in PITRM1-knockout cerebral organoids.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Patient-specific Alzheimer-like pathology in trisomy 21 cerebral organoids reveals BACE2 as a gene dose-sensitive AD suppressor in human brain

Ivan Alic et al.

Summary: Research has shown that individuals with Down Syndrome exhibit Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes, which can be successfully replicated in vitro cerebral organoids models. These findings suggest that DS cerebral organoids could serve as a potential detector for pre-morbid AD-risk populations, as well as a system for hypothesis-free drug screening and identification of natural suppressor genes for neurodegenerative diseases.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Review Cell Biology

Taming human brain organoids one cell at a time

Alexander Atamian et al.

Summary: Human brain organoids are self-organizing three-dimensional structures that mimic aspects of the developing human brain, but lack the stereotypic structural anatomy of their in vivo counterpart. Advances in single cell transcriptomics have allowed for characterization and improvement of organoid protocols.

SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021)

Review Microbiology

The gut microbiota-brain axis in behaviour and brain disorders

Livia H. Morais et al.

Summary: This Review discusses the intricate and potentially important connections between the gut microbiota and the brain, involving bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis. Emerging evidence suggests that disruptions in microbial communities may be implicated in neurological disorders, with animal models providing valuable insights into the pathways linking the gut and the brain which could have tangible impacts on human health.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Machine-Learning-Based Approach to Decode the Influence of Nanomaterial Properties on Their Interaction with Cells

Ajay Vikram Singh et al.

Summary: In this study, a machine-learning based approach was proposed to analyze cell-NP interactions using tight junction protein ZO-1 mediated alterations in cell/nuclei phenotype. It was found that physicochemical descriptors of different nanomaterials play a critical role in determining the intracellular uptake or cell membrane interactions in epithelial cells. Correlation functions were used to successfully predict cell and nuclei shapes and polarity functions, providing a valuable tool for assessing the safety of nanomaterials used in consumer products and nanomedicine.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2021)

Review Neurosciences

Potential ethical problems with human cerebral organoids: Consciousness and moral status of future brains in a dish

Andrea Lavazza

Summary: Human cerebral organoids are an in vitro model aimed at understanding brain development and neurological disorders, showing some key features of the nervous system. However, limitations such as lack of vascularization hinder their progress. Ethical concerns arise regarding the potential consciousness and moral status of HCOs.

BRAIN RESEARCH (2021)

Editorial Material Cell & Tissue Engineering

Microglia modulate neurodevelopment in human neuroimmune organoids

Mariko L. Bennett et al.

Summary: Creating a neuroimmune organoid allows for the study of complex interactions involving human microglia in brain development and disease pathogenesis.

CELL STEM CELL (2021)

Article Immunology

Neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2 in human and mouse brain

Eric Song et al.

Summary: The study showed through three approaches that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of infecting brain neurons, leading to metabolic changes and pathological features without triggering type I interferon responses. These results provide evidence for the neuroinvasive capacity of SARS-CoV-2 and the unexpected consequence of direct infection of neurons by the virus.

JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A logical network-based drug-screening platform for Alzheimer's disease representing pathological features of human brain organoids

Jong-Chan Park et al.

Summary: This study reports an efficient drug screening platform integrating mathematical modeling and the pathological features of AD with human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids. By using 1300 organoids from 11 participants, they built a high-content screening system and tested FDA-approved drugs that can permeate the blood-brain barrier. The study provides a strategy for precision medicine through the convergence of mathematical modeling and a miniature pathological brain model using iCOs.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Constitutive Activity of Serotonin Receptor 6 Regulates Human Cerebral Organoids Formation and Depression-like Behaviors

Qinying Wang et al.

Summary: 5-HT6R is highly expressed in human NSCs and its activation promotes self-renewal, while dysfunction or inhibition leads to premature differentiation and depletion of the NSC pool. Modulation of 5-HT6R and its constitutive activity may offer a therapeutic alternative for alleviating depression through EPAC-CREB signaling.

STEM CELL REPORTS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Enhanced Neuronal Activity and Asynchronous Calcium Transients Revealed in a 3D Organoid Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Juan Yin et al.

Summary: The study successfully generated Alzheimer's disease (AD) models in a human genetic context using self-organizing 3D brain organoids, characterizing them through morphology analysis, neuronal activity, drug sensitivity, and neural apoptosis to find that the AD organoids recapitulated AD-like pathology effectively.

ACS BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neurodevelopmental defects and neurodegenerative phenotypes in human brain organoids carrying Parkinson's disease-linked DNAJC6 mutations

Noviana Wulansari et al.

Summary: Loss-of-function mutations of DNAJC6 have been found to cause key pathologic features of Parkinson's disease in human midbrain-like organoids, including mDA neuron degeneration, alpha-synuclein aggregation, increased neuronal firing frequency, and mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions. The defects in DNAJC6-mediated endocytosis impair the WNT-LMX1A signal during mDA neuron development, leading to the generation of vulnerable neurons with pathologic manifestations. These findings provide insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic interventions for DNAJC6-PD.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Generation of hypothalamic arcuate organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells

Wei-Kai Huang et al.

Summary: Human brain organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a valuable model for studying features of human brain development and diseases, such as the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. By generating arcuate organoids (ARCOs) and analyzing their molecular heterogeneity, a human arcuate nucleus molecular signature was revealed. Furthermore, ARCOs derived from Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) patient iPSCs showed aberrant differentiation and transcriptomic dysregulation, providing insights into disease mechanisms during early human arcuate development.

CELL STEM CELL (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Three-dimensional, multifunctional neural interfaces for cortical spheroids and engineered assembloids

Yoonseok Park et al.

Summary: Scientists are developing microfabricated 3D frameworks as neural interfaces for studying complex brain features in biological systems. These neural interfaces can achieve multiple functions, providing various opportunities for basic neuroscience research.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Human microglia states are conserved across experimental models and regulate neural stem cell responses in chimeric organoids

Galina Popova et al.

Summary: The study compared human microglia states across different culture models and developed a report card of gene expression signatures to facilitate characterization of their responses under various conditions. Xenotransplantation of human microglia into cerebral organoids allowed the characterization of key transcriptional programs of developing microglia and their effects on neural stem cells. Additionally, microglia were found to modulate synaptic density and accelerate synchronized oscillatory network activity in brain organoids.

CELL STEM CELL (2021)

Article Developmental Biology

MOrgAna: accessible quantitative analysis of organoids with machine learning

Nicola Gritti et al.

Summary: The application of organoids in developmental biology, biomedical and translational studies has increased significantly in recent years. However, analyzing and interpreting the large volumes of image data has become challenging, necessitating an efficient automated solution. MOrgAna is a Python-based software that can quickly and automatically analyze organoid image data, suitable for various in vitro systems and different microscopes.

DEVELOPMENT (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cortical organoids model early brain development disrupted by 16p11.2 copy number variants in autism

Jorge Urresti et al.

Summary: Reciprocal deletion and duplication of the 16p11.2 region are associated with autism spectrum disorders and impact neurodevelopmental processes. CNV dosage affects neuronal maturation, proliferation, and the ratio of neurons to neural progenitors in organoids. Dysregulation of multiple pathways, including neuron migration and actin cytoskeleton, is observed in 16p11.2 CNV, with increased levels of active RhoA implicated in migration deficits.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Reinforcing neuron extraction and spike inference in calcium imaging using deep self-supervised denoising

Xinyang Li et al.

Summary: DeepCAD is a self-supervised deep-learning approach for denoising calcium imaging data that enhances spatiotemporal performance, improves signal-to-noise ratio, and facilitates neuron extraction and spike inference.

NATURE METHODS (2021)

Article Neurosciences

Identification of neural oscillations and epileptiform changes in human brain organoids

Ranmal A. Samarasinghe et al.

Summary: This paper explores neural network and cellular complexity within human cortical and subcortical fusion organoids, revealing network dysfunction associated with Rett syndrome. The findings demonstrate the potential of brain organoids in modeling human neurological diseases and the utility in therapeutic discovery.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Evaluating Particle Emissions and Toxicity of 3D Pen Printed Filaments with Metal Nanoparticles As Additives: In Vitro and in Silico Discriminant Function Analysis

Ajay Vikram Singh et al.

Summary: The study examined the safety concerns surrounding low-cost 3D printing, particularly with 3D pens, in home and school environments by analyzing filament washing and particle emission during printing. Results showed that additives in PLA filaments, such as carbon nanotubes and steel, had minimal toxicity effects, except for copper which caused significant cellular stress, death, and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, caution should be exercised when using 3D printing pens with redox active metal additives in a home setting.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Modeling Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease in Human Brain Organoids under Serum Exposure

Xianwei Chen et al.

Summary: This study established a human brain organoid-based sAD model using hiPSC-derived 3D brain organoids to mimic the serum exposure consequence of blood-brain barrier breakdown in AD patients. The model successfully recapitulated AD-like pathologies and could serve as a powerful platform for mechanistic study and therapeutic development in the future.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

DSCAM/PAK1 pathway suppression reverses neurogenesis deficits in iPSC-derived cerebral organoids from patients with Down syndrome

Xiao-Yan Tang et al.

Summary: The study found that neurogenesis was significantly affected in DS patients, with reduced proliferation and expression of layer II and IV markers in cortical neurons in the subcortical regions, which may have led to the reduced size of the organoids. Additionally, suppressing the enhanced activity of the DSCAM/PAK1 pathway in DS reversed abnormal neurogenesis, increasing the size of organoids derived from DS iPSCs.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2021)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Vascularization of human brain organoids

Takeshi K. Matsui et al.

Summary: Human brain organoids are three-dimensional tissues generated in vitro that lack vasculature. Efforts to vascularize brain organoids include adjusting cultivation protocols, utilizing microfluidic devices, and transplanting organoids into immunodeficient mice to promote their development and function.

STEM CELLS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

One-Stop Microfluidic Assembly of Human Brain Organoids To Model Prenatal Cannabis Exposure

Zheng Ao et al.

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Modeling Distinct Cortical Layer Formation

Xuyu Qian et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Vascularized human cortical organoids (vOrganoids) model cortical development in vivo

Yingchao Shi et al.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Brain control of humoral immune responses amenable to behavioural modulation

Xu Zhang et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Clinical Neurology

Machine learning-assisted neurotoxicity prediction in human midbrain organoids

Anna S. Monzel et al.

PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The liver-brain-gut neural arc maintains the Treg cell niche in the gut

Toshiaki Teratani et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Developmental GABA polarity switch and neuronal plasticity in Bioengineered Neuronal Organoids

Maria-Patapia Zafeiriou et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Cell Biology

Rapid and Efficient Invasion Assay of Glioblastoma in Human Brain Organoids

Gladiola Goranci-Buzhala et al.

CELL REPORTS (2020)

Review Neurosciences

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: available evidences and a new paradigm

Fatima Khatoon et al.

JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY (2020)

Review Neurosciences

Upgrading the Physiological Relevance of Human Brain Organoids

Ashley Del Dosso et al.

NEURON (2020)

Review Mathematical & Computational Biology

Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications and Algorithms for Brain Organoid Research

Jiayidaer Badai et al.

INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES-COMPUTATIONAL LIFE SCIENCES (2020)

Review Clinical Neurology

Patient-Derived Midbrain Organoids to Explore the Molecular Basis of Parkinson's Disease

Benjamin Galet et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Generation of Functional Human 3D Cortico-Motor Assembloids

Jimena Andersen et al.

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Generation of human striatal organoids and cortico-striatal assembloids from human pluripotent stem cells

Yuki Miura et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Multiscale 3D phenotyping of human cerebral organoids

Alexandre Albanese et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

Review Anatomy & Morphology

Applications of Human Brain Organoids to Clinical Problems

H. Isaac Chen et al.

DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS (2019)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

hESC-Derived Thalamic Organoids Form Reciprocal Projections When Fused with Cortical Organoids

Yangfei Xiang et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2019)

Article Neurosciences

Differentiation and maturation of oligodendrocytes in human three-dimensional neural cultures

Rebecca M. Marton et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

Article Neurosciences

Cerebral organoids at the air-liquid interface generate diverse nerve tracts with functional output

Stefano L. Giandomenico et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

Review Neurosciences

Novel electrode technologies for neural recordings

Guosong Hong et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

Review Neurosciences

Experimental and Computational Methods for the Study of Cerebral Organoids: A Review

Daniele Poli et al.

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE (2019)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Modeling G2019S-LRRK2 Sporadic Parkinson's Disease in 3D Midbrain Organoids

Hongwon Kim et al.

STEM CELL REPORTS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

All-optical spiking neurosynaptic networks with self-learning capabilities

J. Feldmann et al.

NATURE (2019)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Specification of positional identity in forebrain organoids

Gustav Y. Cederquist et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human 3D cellular model of hypoxic brain injury of prematurity

Anca M. Pasca et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2019)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

High-resolution 3D imaging of fixed and cleared organoids

Johanna F. Dekkers et al.

NATURE PROTOCOLS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex

Silvia Velasco et al.

NATURE (2019)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Optogenetics in the Era of Cerebral Organoids

Zahra Shiri et al.

TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Functionalization of Brain Region-specific Spheroids with Isogenic Microglia-like Cells

Liqing Song et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

Review Cell Biology

Patient-Derived Glioma Models: From Patients to Dish to Animals

Cintia Carla da Hora et al.

CELLS (2019)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development

Cleber A. Trujillo et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2019)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Engineering of human brain organoids with a functional vascular-like system

Bilal Cakir et al.

NATURE METHODS (2019)

Article Ethics

Moral Limits of Brain Organoid Research

Julian J. Koplin et al.

JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS (2019)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Assembling human brain organoids

Sergiu P. Pasca

SCIENCE (2019)

Article Neurosciences

Modeling Parkinson's disease in midbrain-like organoids

Lisa M. Smits et al.

NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

MeCP2-regulated miRNAs control early human neurogenesis through differential effects on ERK and AKT signaling

N. Mellios et al.

MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY (2018)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Human brain organoid-on-a-chip to model prenatal nicotine exposure

Yaqing Wang et al.

LAB ON A CHIP (2018)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

The ethics of experimenting with human brain tissue

Nita A. Farahany et al.

NATURE (2018)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

An in vivo model of functional and vascularized human brain organoids

Abed AlFatah Mansour et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Organoids required! A new path to understanding human brain development and disease

Paola Arlotta

NATURE METHODS (2018)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Human brain organoids on a chip reveal the physics of folding

Eyal Karzbrun et al.

NATURE PHYSICS (2018)

Article Neurosciences

Generation of human vascularized brain organoids

Missy T. Pham et al.

NEUROREPORT (2018)

Article Cell Biology

Glioblastoma Model Using Human Cerebral Organoids

Junko Ogawa et al.

CELL REPORTS (2018)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Induction of myelinating oligodendrocytes in human cortical spheroids

Mayur Madhavan et al.

NATURE METHODS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microglia innately develop within cerebral organoids

Paul R. Ormel et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

The rise of three-dimensional human brain cultures

Sergiu P. Pasca

NATURE (2018)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microcephaly Prevalence in Infants Born to Zika Virus-Infected Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Antonio Victor Campos Coelho et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Assembly of functionally integrated human forebrain spheroids

Fikri Birey et al.

NATURE (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids

Giorgia Quadrato et al.

NATURE (2017)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Guided self-organization and cortical plate formation in human brain organoids

Madeline A. Lancaster et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Fused cerebral organoids model interactions between brain regions

Joshua A. Bagley et al.

NATURE METHODS (2017)

Review Neurosciences

The use of brain organoids to investigate neural development and disease

Elizabeth Di Lullo et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2017)

Review Neurosciences

Selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson disease

D. James Surmeier et al.

NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Self-organized developmental patterning and differentiation in cerebral organoids

Magdalena Renner et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2017)

Review Developmental Biology

Using brain organoids to understand Zika virus-induced microcephaly

Xuyu Qian et al.

DEVELOPMENT (2017)

Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Induction of Expansion and Folding in Human Cerebral Organoids

Yun Li et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2017)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Brain-Region-Specific Organoids Using Mini-bioreactors for Modeling ZIKV Exposure

Xuyu Qian et al.

Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Stem Cell Models of Human Brain Development

Iva Kelava et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2016)

Review Neurosciences

Understanding Dopaminergic Cell Death Pathways in Parkinson Disease

Patrick P. Michel et al.

NEURON (2016)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Functional cortical neurons and astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D culture

Anca M. Pasca et al.

NATURE METHODS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly

Madeline A. Lancaster et al.

NATURE (2013)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell-derived neocortex

Taisuke Kadoshima et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2013)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease

Leonidas Stefanis

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2012)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Development and Evolution of the Human Neocortex

Jan H. Lui et al.

Article Neurosciences

Directed differentiation of telencephalic precursors from embryonic stem cells

K Watanabe et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2005)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Conversion of embryonic stem cells into neuroectodermal precursors in adherent monoculture

QL Ying et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2003)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

In vitro differentiation of transplantable neural precursors from human embryonic stem cells

SC Zhang et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2001)