Journal
FEMS MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY
Volume 98, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac071
Keywords
Legionella; probiotics; antagonism; competition; biofilm; protozoa; pathogen-host interaction; predation
Categories
Funding
- Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office (FSVO)
- Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH)
- Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) in Switzerland [4.20.01]
- Eawag
- Swiss National Science Foundation [P400PB_183896, P4P4PB_194432, PZ00P3_193401]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [P4P4PB_194432, PZ00P3_193401, P400PB_183896] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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This article reviews the potential, feasibility, and public acceptance of probiotic strategies against Legionella, highlighting interactions between Legionella and other microorganisms as well as the potential of predatory bacteria and phages.
Here we consider a variety of probiotic strategies against Legionella, focussing on the potential and feasibility, the main research gaps, and public acceptance. Opportunistic pathogens belonging to the genus Legionella are among the most reported waterborne-associated pathogens in industrialized countries. Legionella colonize a variety of engineered aquatic ecosystems and persist in biofilms where they interact with a multitude of other resident microorganisms. In this review, we assess how some of these interactions could be used to develop a biological-driven probiotic control approach against Legionella. We focus on: (i) mechanisms limiting the ability of Legionella to establish and replicate within some of their natural protozoan hosts; (ii) exploitative and interference competitive interactions between Legionella and other microorganisms; and (iii) the potential of predatory bacteria and phages against Legionella. This field is still emergent, and we therefore specifically highlight research for future investigations, and propose perspectives on the feasibility and public acceptance of a potential probiotic approach.
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