Journal
COMPREHENSIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 2877-2947Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210020
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [PJT-156296, PJT-162357]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2016-03790, RGPIN-2015-03871]
- National Institutes of Health [R01 NS110550, R01 NS119268, R01 NS115900, R01 NS100928]
- National Science Foundation [2024414]
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [2024414] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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This article discusses the essential contribution of somatosensory feedback to locomotion, including adaptation to the environment, modulation of locomotor networks, experimental approaches and animal models, functional roles during locomotion, and the role in locomotion recovery after neurological injury.
When animals walk overground, mechanical stimuli activate various receptors located in muscles, joints, and skin. Afferents from these mechanoreceptors project to neuronal networks controlling locomotion in the spinal cord and brain. The dynamic interactions between the control systems at different levels of the neuraxis ensure that locomotion adjusts to its environment and meets task demands. In this article, we describe and discuss the essential contribution of somatosen-sory feedback to locomotion. We start with a discussion of how biomechanical properties of the body affect somatosensory feedback. We follow with the different types of mechanoreceptors and somatosensory afferents and their activity during locomotion. We then describe central projections to locomotor networks and the modulation of somatosensory feedback during locomotion and its mechanisms. We then discuss experimental approaches and animal models used to investigate the control of locomotion by somatosensory feedback before providing an overview of the different functional roles of somatosensory feedback for locomotion. Lastly, we briefly describe the role of somatosensory feedback in the recovery of locomotion after neurological injury. We highlight the fact that somatosensory feedback is an essential component of a highly integrated system for locomotor control. ??2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:2877-2947, 2022.
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