Ionic Compatibilization of Polymers

The small specific entropy of mixing of high molecular weight polymers implies that most blends of dissimilar polymers are immiscible with poor physical properties. Historically, a wide range of compatibilization strategies have been pursued, including the addition of copolymers or emulsifiers or installing complementary reactive groups that can promote the in situ formation of block or graft copolymers during blending operations. Typically, such reactive blending exploits reversible or irreversible covalent or hydrogen bonds to produce the desired copolymer, but there are other options. Here, we argue that ionic bonds and electrostatic correlations represent an underutilized tool for polymer compatibilization and in tailoring materials for applications ranging from sustainable polymer alloys to organic electronics and solid polymer electrolytes. The theoretical basis for ionic compatibilization is surveyed and placed in the context of existing experimental literature and emerging classes of functional polymer materials. We conclude with a perspective on how electrostatic interactions might be exploited in plastic waste upcycling.

Automated summary

The small specific entropy of mixing of high molecular weight polymers results in immiscibility and poor physical properties. To address this issue, various compatibilization strategies have been explored, including the use of copolymers, emulsifiers, and reactive groups to facilitate the formation of block or graft copolymers. This article argues that ionic bonds and electrostatic correlations are an underutilized tool for polymer compatibilization, and discusses their potential applications in sustainable polymer alloys, organic electronics, and solid polymer electrolytes. Theoretical basis, experimental literature, and emerging functional polymer materials are examined, and the potential of electrostatic interactions in plastic waste upcycling is also discussed.