Are two earthquakes better than one? How earthquakes in two different regions affect risk judgments and preparation in three locations

Research has shown that experiencing a single disaster influences people's risk judgments about the hazard, but few studies have studied how multiple disasters in different locations affect risk judgments. Following two earthquake sequences in two different regions (Christchurch, Cook Strait), this study examined earthquake risk judgments, non-fatalism and preparation in two New Zealand cities that were near to one of those sequences (Christchurch in Canterbury, Wellington near Cook Strait) and in one city that was distant from both events (Palmerston North). Judgments of earthquake likelihood were higher after the Cook Strait earthquakes than before in Christchurch and the rest of New Zealand, but not in Wellington, where the baseline risk was high. However, participants in all cities saw the risk as more real, plausible, and important after these earthquakes, particularly in Wellington. Preparations following the earthquakes were also higher in Wellington and Christchurch (where non-fatalism was highest) than in Palmerston North. Causal attributions for (not) preparing differed across the three cities, as did non fatalism. These findings suggest that the Christchurch and Cook Strait earthquakes had a combined effect on citizens' perception of the risk, particularly in Wellington. Such events create a valuable window of opportunity for agencies wishing to enhance preparedness. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.