Journal
RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI
Volume 33, Issue 3, Pages 527-536Publisher
SPRINGER-VERLAG ITALIA SRL
DOI: 10.1007/s12210-022-01083-8
Keywords
Biofilm; Extremophiles; Microbial adaptation; Microbial evolution
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Funding
- Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II within the CRUI-CARE Agreement
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Biofilm is a complex biological system that can respond to environmental changes and is the most successful and widely distributed life form on earth. Its unique characteristics make it crucial for microbial evolution and adaptation. The ability to establish biofilms is a key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments.
Biofilm is the most successful and widely distributed form of life on earth, it is not simply structured collections of cells attached to surfaces but is a dynamic complex biological system able to respond to environmental changes. The biofilm characteristics make it unique and central to microbial evolution and adaptation. The ability to establish biofilms is a key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments like extreme temperature, high radiation, acidic or alkaline pH values, heavy metal pollution, and high salinity. In this article, we report the main features of biofilm and how these characteristics make biofilms a successful survival strategy in extreme conditions. All aspects examined in this article help to explain why biofilms are a successful survival strategy in extreme conditions and why the ability to establish biofilms is a key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments.
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