4.6 Article

Low-Power Wide-Area Networks: A Broad Overview of Its Different Aspects

Journal

IEEE ACCESS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages 81926-81959

Publisher

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3196182

Keywords

Low-power wide area networks; Internet of Things; Wireless communication; Costs; Wireless sensor networks; Market opportunities; Consumer electronics; Low-power wide-area networks; wireless networks; Internet of Things; design objectives; network topology; architecture; applications

Funding

  1. Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Government of India [SRG/2021/000137]
  2. Indo-Norwegian Collaboration in Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (INCAPS) project of the International Partnerships for Excellent Education, Research and Innovation (INTPART) program [287918]
  3. Low-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Communication and Tracking (LUCAT) project: of the Information and Communications Technology and Digital Innovation (IKTPLUSS) program from the Research Council of Norway [280835]

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This review paper discusses the design objectives, methodologies, system architectures, and standards of low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs). It evaluates the capabilities and market opportunities of various LPWAN technologies, examines their coexistence with other technologies, and analyzes the benefits and drawbacks of LPWAN use cases. The open research issues and challenges in designing LPWAN are also presented.
Low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) are gaining popularity in the research community due to their low power consumption, low cost, and wide geographical coverage. LPWAN technologies complement and outperform short-range and traditional cellular wireless technologies in a variety of applications, including smart city development, machine-to-machine (M2M) communications, healthcare, intelligent transportation, industrial applications, climate-smart agriculture, and asset tracking. This review paper discusses the design objectives and the methodologies used by LPWAN to provide extensive coverage for low-power devices. We also explore how the presented LPWAN architecture employs various topologies such as star and mesh. We examine many current and emerging LPWAN technologies, as well as their system architectures and standards, and evaluate their ability to meet each design objective. In addition, the possible coexistence of LPWAN with other technologies, combining the best attributes to provide an optimum solution is also explored and reported in the current overview. Following that, a comparison of various LPWAN technologies is performed and their market opportunities are also investigated. Furthermore, an analysis of various LPWAN use cases is performed, highlighting their benefits and drawbacks. This aids in the selection of the best LPWAN technology for various applications. Before concluding the work, the open research issues, and challenges in designing LPWAN are presented.

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