Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
Volume 27, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
JAPANESE SOC HYGIENE
DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00027
Keywords
Breast density; Mammography; Air pollutants; Nitrogen dioxide; Carbon monoxide
Categories
Funding
- Institute for Environmental Research (IER)
- Deputy of Research of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [98-3-259-45184]
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This study in women in Tehran, Iran found that exposure to environmental air pollutants such as NO2 and CO may be associated with breast density. Further research is needed to evaluate the association between ambient air pollutants and breast density.
Background: Air pollution is one of the major public health challenges in many parts of the world possibly has an association with breast cancer. However, the mechanism is still unclear. This study aimed to find an association between exposure to six criteria ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O-3, and CO) and mammographic breast density (MBD), as one of the strongest predictors for developing breast cancer, in women living in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Participants were selected from women attending two university hospitals for screening mammography from 2019 to 2021. Breast density was rated by two expert radiologists. Individual exposures to 3-year ambient air pollution levels at the residence were estimated. Results: The final analysis in 791 eligible women showed that low and high breast density was detected in 34.8 and 62.2 of participants, respectively. Logistic regression analysis after considering all possible confounding factors represented that an increase in each unit of NO2 (ppb) exposure was associated with an increased risk of breast density with an OR equal to 1.04 (95CI: 1.01 to 1.07). Furthermore, CO level was associated with a decreasing breast density (OR = 0.40, 95CI = 0.19 to 0.86). None of the other pollutants were associated with breast density. Conclusion: Higher MBD was associated with an increased level of NO2, as a marker of traffic-related air pollution. Furthermore, CO concentration was associated with a lower MBD, while other criteria air pollutants were not related to MBD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the association between ambient air pollutants with MBD.
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