Nutritional characteristics of patients with functional constipation aged 4 years and older

BACKGROUND: Dietary modifications may have role in prevention and treatment of functional constipation. Macronutrient, extrafluid, and fiber intake have been evaluated and the results are conflicting. The aim of our study was to define the nutritional features associated with functional constipation aged 4 years and older. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Forty-one patients with functional constipation and 55 age-gender matched controls between 4-18 years old were enrolled. Demographic data, duration of breast-feeding, defecation pattern in the first year of life, physical activity, socioeconomic parameters, and anthropometric measurements were noted. Mean daily macronutrient and micronutrient consumption from the 5-day dietary records were calculated by Nutrition Information System - BEBIS 7.2 version. RESULTS: There were no differences between two groups in energy, water, protein, and fiber consumption. However, in 4-7 years old constipated female and male group, the percentage of carbohydrate was higher (P=0.010, P=0.049, respectively) but fat was lower (P=0.011, P=0.032, respectively). All patients except 4-7 years old boys of both groups got less energy than the reference values. The mean daily protein intake was higher than required in the 4-7 years old constipated and control groups. There was no significant difference in fiber consumption between 2 groups. Breastfeeding >18 months was more common in controls (P=0.039). The constipated group used the squatting toilet more frequently (P=0.002). Lower family income (P<0.001) and parental education levels (P<0.001) were associated with FC. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary habits may be a risk factor for functional constipation, especially, in rapid growth period.

Automated summary

Dietary habits may be a risk factor for functional constipation, especially during rapid growth period. Higher carbohydrate and lower fat intake may be associated with an increased risk of functional constipation. Longer duration of breastfeeding and more frequent use of squatting toilet may be related to a lower risk of functional constipation.