Journal
CURRENT OSTEOPOROSIS REPORTS
Volume 14, Issue 6, Pages 310-319Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-016-0329-9
Keywords
Type 1 diabetes; Bone cells; Osteoblasts; Osteocytes; Osteoclasts
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [R01DK055653, R21AR070620]
- University of Kentucky Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center Endowment
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To describe the effects of type 1 diabetes on bone cells. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with low bone mineral density, increased risk of fractures, and poor fracture healing. Its effects on the skeleton were primarily attributed to impaired bone formation, but recent data suggests that bone remodeling and resorption are also compromised. The hyperglycemic and inflammatory environment associated with T1D impacts osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. The mechanisms involved are complex; insulinopenia, pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and alterations in gene expression are a few of the contributing factors leading to poor osteoblast activity and survival and, therefore, poor bone formation. In addition, the observed sclerostin level increase accompanied by decreased osteocyte number and enhanced osteoclast activity in T1D results in uncoupling of bone remodeling. T1D negatively impacts osteoblasts and osteocytes, whereas its effects on osteoclasts are not well characterized, although the limited studies available indicate increased osteoclast activity, favoring bone resorption.
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