4.6 Article

γδ T, NKT, and MAIT Cells During Evolution: Redundancy or Specialized Functions?

Journal

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 209, Issue 2, Pages 217-225

Publisher

AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200105

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Funding

  1. European Research Council [885435]
  2. Ligue Contre le Cancer
  3. Conseil Region Pays de la Loire
  4. Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  5. Institut Curie
  6. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Jeunes Chercheuses et Jeunes Chercheurs MAIT, Labex Dendritic Cell Biology)
  7. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (MAIT-Repair, Labex Immunotherapy Graft Oncology, HemaNext)
  8. European Research Council (ERC) [885435] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)

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Innate-like T cells display characteristics of both ILCs and mainstream alpha beta T cells, and are probably present in all vertebrates. Their main characteristics are better known in amphibians and mammals. These cells include both gamma delta and alpha beta T cells, and each subset fulfills nonredundant roles related to their Ag specificity.
Innate-like T cells display characteristics of both innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and mainstream alpha beta T cells, leading to overlapping functions of innate-like T cells with both subsets. In this review, we show that although innate-like T cells are probably present in all vertebrates, their main characteristics are much better known in amphibians and mammals. Innate-like T cells encompass both gamma delta and alpha beta T cells. In mammals, gamma delta TCRs likely coevolved with molecules of the butyrophilin family they interact with, whereas the semi-invariant TCRs of iNKT and mucosal-associated invariant T cells are evolutionarily locked with their restricting MH1b molecules, CD1d and MR1, respectively. The strong conservation of the Ag recognition systems of innate-like T cell subsets despite similar effector potentialities supports that each one fulfills nonredundant roles related to their Ag specificity.

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