Journal
IEEE ACCESS
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages 86920-86934Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3199002
Keywords
Lenses; Antennas; Imaging; Electromagnetics; Radar imaging; Microwave antennas; Biomedical imaging; Antenna; focused planar wave; radar-based imaging; near-field microwave imaging
Categories
Funding
- EMvision Med Tech, Australia
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This study investigates the impact of assuming a local planar wave front on the accuracy of electromagnetic (EM) imaging and explores the use of a lens antenna to improve imaging. The results show that the proposed tapered GRIN lens antenna improves the detection accuracy and localization accuracy compared to conventional GRIN lens and bio-matched loop-dipole antennas. This highlights the importance of creating a focused plane wave front within the imaging domain for improved detection and localization using microwave techniques.
Radar-based algorithms for electromagnetic (EM) imaging are developed based on the assumption that EM has a local planar wave front inside the imaging domain. However, this might not be the case for majority of utilized antennas as the imaged object is usually located within the near-field zone of the antenna. The impact of that assumption on imaging accuracy and whether utilizing an antenna that can create a focused planar wave front inside the imaging domain improves EM imaging are investigated in torso imaging as an example. Thus, three types of antennas are used to scan the torso; 1) bio-matched loop-dipole, 2) Gradient-Index lens (GRIN), and 3) Tapered GRIN (T-GRIN) lens antenna. The proposed T-GRIN lens antennas is designed to create a focused plane wave propagation inside the torso using tapered trapezoid water-filled cavities inside a host medium. The proposed design improves penetration depth by 33% compared to conventional GRIN lens and 75% compared to the bio-matched loop-dipole antenna, in a wide fractional bandwidth of 83% at 0.7-1.7 GHz. The realized results indicate that generating focused plane wave inside the imaged object, which is realized using T-GRIN lens antenna, improves the detection accuracy by 15 % and 56% compared to conventional GRIN lens and bio-matched loop-dipole antennas, respectively. Moreover, the localization accuracy is improved by 54.5% and 100% compared to conventional GRIN lens and bio-matched loop-dipole antenna, respectively. This study highlights the importance of creating focused planar wave front within the imaging domain for improved detection and localization using microwave techniques.
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