Journal
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
Volume 13, Issue 35, Pages 10273-10280Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03991e
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Funding
- University of Geneva
- National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering
- Swiss NSF [200020 204175, 51NF40-185898, 51NF40-182895]
- NCCR Chemical Biology
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [200020_204175, 51NF40-185898, 51NF40-182895] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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This research introduces cascade cyclizations of diepoxides as a new tool for characterizing supramolecular catalysis. By decoding product fingerprints, the chemical selectivity, diastereo- and enantioselectivity, mechanism, and autocatalysis of substrate stereoisomers can be studied. The application of this tool to various supramolecular systems reveals interesting findings, such as pnictogen-bonding catalysis breaking the Baldwin rules and converting substrate diastereomers into completely different products.
Simple enough to be understood and complex enough to be revealing, cascade cyclizations of diepoxides are introduced as new tools to characterize supramolecular catalysis. Decoded product fingerprints are provided for a consistent set of substrate stereoisomers, and shown to report on chemo-, diastereo- and enantioselectivity, mechanism and even autocatalysis. Application of the new tool to representative supramolecular systems reveals, for instance, that pnictogen-bonding catalysis is not only best in breaking the Baldwin rules but also converts substrate diastereomers into completely different products. Within supramolecular capsules, new cyclic hemiacetals from House-Meinwald rearrangements are identified, and autocatalysis on anion-pi catalysts is found to be independent of substrate stereochemistry. Decoded product fingerprints further support that the involved epoxide-opening polyether cascade cyclizations are directional, racemization-free, and interconnected, at least partially. The discovery of unique characteristics for all catalysts tested would not have been possible without decoded cascade cyclization fingerprints, thus validating the existence and significance of privileged platforms to elucidate supramolecular catalysis. Once decoded, cascade cyclization fingerprints are easily and broadly applicable, ready for use in the community.
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