Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.1088/2634-4505/ac6d08
Keywords
circular economy; material stock analysis; material flow analysis; material intensity; geographic information systems (GISs); buildings
Funding
- This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant nos 2035150 and 1934824). Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National S [1934824]
- National Science Foundation
- [2035150]
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Tracking the material composition, quantity and location of building materials through building material stock analysis (MSA) is crucial for promoting the reuse and repurposing of materials in the circular economy. However, there is a need to standardize methods, data and scope in this area. This study reviewed and evaluated 62 articles on building MSA, identifying barriers, gaps and opportunities, and provided a comprehensive directory of building archetypes, references and materials for future researchers.
Buildings account for the largest share of accumulated materials and waste globally. Tracking the material composition, quantity and location of these materials, known as building material stock analysis (MSA), is a first step in enabling the reuse or repurposing of materials, key strategies of the circular economy. While the number of building MSAs is growing, there is a need to coalesce methods, data and scope. Therefore, in this work, we reviewed and evaluated 62 journal and conference articles on MSA of buildings from different angles including scope, boundaries, archetype classification, material intensity determination, approaches (i.e. bottom-up, top-down, remote sensing) and quantity of materials to identify barriers, gaps and opportunities in this area along with its implications for decision-making, policy and regulations. We cataloged the three major approaches of MSAs and discuss their advantages and shortcomings. We also created a comprehensive directory of building archetypes, references and materials for future researchers. As expected, most of the studies estimated that concrete had the largest mass compared with other materials; however, mass-based distribution of materials showed significant variations in different building stocks across the world. Also, embedded plastics and their types remain under-represented in current studies. A major barrier to MSA is related to a lack of information on physical attributes and geographic information system, design and construction data. Policy makers can play a role in mitigating data barriers through instituting regulations that enforce the reporting of building-related data during the permitting process. Furthermore, outcomes of building MSA can help policy makers when considering incentives for design and construction that utilize these abundant building materials.
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