Journal
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
Volume 9, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080365
Keywords
cobalamin; Propionibacterium freudenreichii; Pseudomonas denitrificans; cyanocobalamin production
Funding
- MICINN, Spain [PID2019-104350RB-I00]
- AGAUR from the Generalitat de Catalunya [2017SGR-727]
- AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya [2018 DI 020]
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This review provides an overview of the historical research and biosynthetic characteristics of vitamin B-12, as well as the current state, advances, and challenges of its industrial production. The potential applications of vitamin B-12 in different markets are also discussed.
Vitamin B-12 is a widely used compound in the feed and food, healthcare and medical industries that can only be produced by fermentation because of the complexity of its chemical synthesis. For this reason, finding better producer strains and optimizing their bioprocesses have been the main focus of industrial producers over the last few decades. In this review, we initially provide a historical overview of vitamin B-12 research and the main biosynthetic characteristics of the two microorganism families typically used for its industrial production: several strains of Propionibacterium freudenreichii and strains related to Pseudomonas denitrificans. Later, a complete summary of the current state of vitamin B-12 industrial production as well as the main advances and challenges for improving it is detailed, with a special focus on bioprocess optimization, which aims not only to increase production but also sustainability. In addition, a comprehensive list of the most important and relevant patents for the present industrial strains is provided. Finally, the potential applications of vitamin B-12 in different markets are discussed.
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