4.7 Article

A double-spiro ring-structured mechanophore with dual-signal mechanochromism and multistate mechanochemical behavior: non-sequential ring-opening and multimodal analysis

Journal

POLYMER CHEMISTRY
Volume 13, Issue 38, Pages 5507-5514

Publisher

ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d2py00728b

Keywords

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Funding

  1. National Natural Science Foundation of China [22175015, 22174002]
  2. Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2182054]
  3. Big Science Project from BUCT [XK180301]
  4. Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

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A novel ABPX mechanophore with double spiro rings was introduced into PMAs with different molecular weights to experience gradient forces exerted by ultrasonication. The study confirmed polymer mechanochromism with a dual-signal response and force-dependent distribution of two mechanogenerated ring-opened isomers.
Herein, we report a novel aminobenzopyranoxanthene (ABPX) mechanophore featuring double spiro rings. ABPXs were introduced into a series of poly(methyl acrylate)s (PMAs) with different molecular weights to experience gradient forces exerted by ultrasonication in dilute solution. The fluorescence spectra and multimodal analysis of the absorption spectra confirm polymer mechanochromism with a dual-signal response and two mechanogenerated ring-opened isomers, of which the relative distribution is modulated by the external force based on the heat-force equilibrium. The empirical model and the mechanism of non-sequential ring-opening are established to describe and explain the force-dependent distribution of two mechanochemical products. CoGEF calculations also confirm the mechanochemical fragility of ABPXs.

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