Journal
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
Volume 72, Issue -, Pages 96-107Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.02.004
Keywords
Carbon-carbon composites (CCC); High-temperature properties; Ablation; Surface analysis
Funding
- Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) in Flanders [111529]
- European Research Council Starting Grant [259354]
- European Research Council (ERC) [259354] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Carbon-bonded carbon fiber (CBCF) composites are a cost-effective solution for the production of low-density carbon-phenolic Thermal Protection Systems (TPS). This new TPS for spacecraft requires new experimental data for model development and validation. Ablation experiments of a CBCF composite were carried out in an inductively-coupled plasma generator to assess the performance in high-enthalpy flows. Surface temperatures up to 2900 K led to strong surface ablation and test samples of hemispherical shape responded with constant surface temperatures and recession rates. Cylindrical samples experienced a continuous surface temperature increase. Emission spectra of the cyano radical CN were indicative of a 4-5 mm reactive boundary layer. Deviation from thermal equilibrium was found by comparison to simulated spectra. Micrographs revealed an oxidation zone in the order of 0.2 mm at the surface, suggesting a gas phase diffusion controlled ablation regime. Strong corrosion of the fibers in nitrogen plasma is attributed to wall nitridation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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