Management of Floral Waste by Conversion to Value-Added Products and Their Other Applications

Solid waste disposal is major problem in the world. Agricultural residues, temple waste, domestic waste, non-edible oil cakes waste are enriched with carbon content. Landfilling remediation approach is used for disposal of organic waste. Floral waste is one of the major concern. Flowers have applications in many industries viz; perfumes, cosmetics, food, liquor and textile industries. Disposal of flowers in rivers, oceans, etc. leads to water pollution as well as affects the living organisms present in the waters. This review describes the management of floral wastes by solid state fermentation for the conversion into different value-added products viz; compost; biofuels; biogas; bioethanol; organic acids; pigments; dyes; polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate production; food products; biosurfactants production; sugar syrup; incense sticks; etc. The floral waste is also a source for handmade paper production. These value-added products will have different applications; viz; compost can be used for various plant growth; biogas for electricity generation; food products as nutrients and additives. The dyes and pigments from floral wastes will have applications in various textile industries; while biofuels and bioethanol can solve the problem of energy crisis. The waste can thus be converted into wealth. The review highlights the industrial applications of value-added products obtained from the floral wastes. The review also focuses on important application of floral wastes in biosorption which will help in the treatment of waste waters and other industrial effluents. This will resolve the problems of disposal of floral waste and ultimately the water and environmental pollution will also be reduced.