3.9 Review

The 8th Wonder of the Cancer World: Esophageal Cancer and Inflammation

Journal

DISEASES
Volume 10, Issue 3, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030044

Keywords

cancer; pathogenesis; inflammation; esophagus; pathology

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Esophageal cancer is a devastating malignancy with diverse underlying factors, including inflammation. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptomatology, imaging, and endoscopy, and treatment and prognosis depend on the disease stage.
Esophageal cancer is a devastating malignancy which can be detected at an early stage but is more often diagnosed as an advanced process. It affects both men and women and inflicts the young and the elderly. There are multiple underlying factors involved in the pathogenesis of this cancer including inflammation. The interplay of these factors promotes inflammation through various mechanisms including the recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells, mediators such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and interleukins, among others. The presentation can vary widely with one of the most notable symptoms being dysphagia. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptomatology, imaging and endoscopy with biopsy. Once the diagnosis has been established, treatment and prognosis are based on the stage of the disease. This review outlines esophageal cancer and its link to inflammation in relation to pathogenesis, along with clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.

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