Swirl-Bypass Nozzle for CO2 Two-Phase Ejectors: Numerical Design Exploration

In this work, a novel ejector design concept of a swirl-bypass nozzle is proposed to improve off-design performance of CO2 two-phase ejectors. The swirl-bypass nozzle allows part of the flow to bypass into the ejector mixing chamber to generate swirl. The design of such a device is investigated using a 3D multiphase CFD model. An extensive experimental test campaign is conducted to validate the baseline homogeneous equilibrium CFD model. The model's prediction motive mass flow rate within 2-12% error and suction mass flow rate was predicted with 3-50% error. Based on the tested ejector geometry, simulations of different ejector swirl-bypass inlets are conducted. The results show that, for the current design, total entrainment of the ejector is reduced by 2-20% with the swirl-bypass inlet. The axial position of the bypass inlet plays a primary role in the bypass inlet flow rate, and, consequently, in suction flow reduction. This is found to be due to the bypass flow blocking off the suction mass flow rate, which has a net negative impact on performance. Finally, several design improvements to improve future designs are proposed.

Automated summary

This study proposes a novel nozzle design concept to enhance the performance of CO2 two-phase ejectors. Experimental tests and simulations were conducted to validate the model and investigate the effects of different ejector inlet designs. The results show that the swirl-bypass inlet can reduce the entrainment of the ejector and the axial position of the inlet plays a crucial role in performance. Several design improvements are proposed for future designs.