Multifunctional surface functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications: A review

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-based multifunctional platforms have been explored extensively in biomedical applications. Modifications and integrations of IONPs with different entities viz. organic polymer, doping with inorganic materials, loading with drug, fluorescent dye, or antibodies make them appropriate for their appli-cation in broad spectrum of biomedical fields. This review presents and summarizes the fabrication strategies of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles based on the modification and surface functionalization of MNP. Multifunctional IONPs based recent advances covering a wide array of applications like biosensing and pathogen detection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biomarker tracking, magnetofection and gene therapy, hy-perthermia and chemotherapy, drug delivery and targeted cell killing, bioimaging and therapeutics, stem cell detection and therapy, tissue engineering and organ transplant, nano-vaccines and immune system activation, microbe targeting and destruction, and COVID19 management are also covered.

Automated summary

This review explores the extensive use of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle-based multifunctional platforms in biomedical applications. The modifications and integrations of IONPs with various entities make them suitable for a wide range of biomedical fields. The review also covers recent advances in multifunctional IONPs, including biosensing, pathogen detection, MRI, gene therapy, chemotherapy, drug delivery, bioimaging, stem cell detection, tissue engineering, nano-vaccines, microbe targeting, and COVID-19 management.