A graphene-like metallic cathode host for long-life and high-loading lithium-sulfur batteries

Development of Li-S batteries with long cycle life and high practical capacity is central to enable low-cost, large-scale energy storage. Sulfiphilic cathode materials with strong affinity for lithium (poly) sulfides are a promising new group of candidates to control dissolution/precipitation reactions in the cell, where the improvement of conductivity and the areal sulfur loading is an important objective. Here we report a metallic Co9S8 material with an interconnected graphene-like nano-architecture that realizes this aim. First-principles calculations coupled with spectroscopic evidence demonstrate the synergistic strong dual-interactions of polysulfides with the host. The three dimensional interconnected structure with hierarchical porosity not only manifests up to a factor of 10 increase of cycling stability (fade < 0.045% per cycle over 1500 cycles at C/2) compared to standard porous carbons but also, more importantly, enables a high-loading sulfur electrode with up to 75 wt% sulfur, and up to 4.5 mg cm(-2) areal sulfur loading.