Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
Volume 30, Issue -, Pages 2856-2865Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TNSRE.2022.3211450
Keywords
Frequency estimation; Estimation; Real-time systems; Pathology; Harmonic analysis; Time-frequency analysis; Performance evaluation; Tremor estimator; tremor suppression technique; pathological tremor; wearable tremor suppression device; hand tremor; assistive device
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) through a Collaborative Health Research Projects (CHRP) [396234]
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Ontario Research Fund (ORF)
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This study implemented, evaluated, and compared four tremor estimators and proved the feasibility of implementing various tremor estimators in a cost-effective embedded system.
The side effects and complications of traditional treatments for treating pathological tremor have led to a growing research interest in wearable tremor suppression devices (WTSDs) as an alternative approach. Similar to how the human brain coordinates the function of the human system, a tremor estimator determines how a WTSD functions. Although many tremor estimation algorithms have been developed and validated, whether they can be implemented on a cost-effective embedded system has not been studied; furthermore, their effectiveness on tremor signals with multiple harmonics has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, four tremor estimators were implemented, evaluated, and compared: Weighted-frequency Fourier Linear Combiner (WFLC), WFLC-based Kalman Filter (WFLC-KF), Band-limited Multiple FLC, and enhanced High-order WFLC-KF (eHWFLC-KF). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of each algorithm on a bench-top tremor suppression system with 18 recorded tremor motion datasets; and compare the performance of each estimator. The experimental evaluation showed that the eHWFLC-KF-based WTSD achieved the best performance when suppressing tremor with an average of 89.3% reduction in tremor power, and an average error when tracking voluntary motion of 6.6 degrees/s. Statistical analysis indicated that the eHWFLC-KF-based WTSD is able to reduce the power of tremor better than the WFLC and WFLC-KF, and the BMFLC-based WTSD is better than the WFLC. The performance when tracking voluntary motion is similar among all systems. This study has proven the feasibility of implementing various tremor estimators in a cost-effective embedded system, and provided a real-time performance assessment of four tremor estimators.
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