Journal
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s43247-022-00580-w
Keywords
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Funding
- NASA [80NSSC19K1276]
- NOAA's Earth Radiation Budget (ERB) Initiative [03-01-07-001]
- NOAA [NA17OAR4320101, NA22OAR4320151]
- LABEX-VOLTAIRE [ANR-10-LABEX-100-01]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [42175089, 42121004]
- NASA Earth Science TASNPP program [80NSSC18K0688]
- NASA Earth Science SNPPSP program [80NSSC22K0158]
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration [80NM0018D0004]
- NSF via the NCAR's Advanced Study Program Postdoctoral Fellowship
- National Science Foundation
- National Center for Atmospheric Research - NSF [1852977]
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The January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano injected a significant amount of water into the stratosphere, which resulted in large perturbations to stratospheric aerosol evolution. The eruption is expected to continue impacting the climate system by increasing aerosol surface area and water vapor until at least October 2022.
The January 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption injected a relatively small amount of sulfur dioxide, but significantly more water into the stratosphere than previously seen in the modern satellite record. Here we show that the large amount of water resulted in large perturbations to stratospheric aerosol evolution. Our climate model simulation reproduces the observed enhanced water vapor at pressure levels similar to 30 hPa for three months. Compared with a simulation without a water injection, this additional source of water vapor increases hydroxide, which halves the sulfur dioxide lifetime. Subsequent coagulation creates larger sulfate particles that double the stratospheric aerosol optical depth. A seasonal forecast of volcanic plume transport in the southern hemisphere indicates this eruption will greatly enhance the aerosol surface area and water vapor near the polar vortex until at least October 2022, suggesting that there will continue to be an impact of this eruption on the climate system.
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