Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Review
Immunology
Paul Moss
Summary: T cell immunity plays a central role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with early responses correlating with protection. T cell memory provides broad recognition of viral proteins, limiting the impact of viral variants and offering protection against severe disease. Current COVID-19 vaccines elicit robust T cell responses, contributing to the prevention of hospitalization or death. Therefore, the importance of T cell immunity may have been underestimated.
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Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Laila A. Damiati et al.
Summary: This study examined the differential regulation of clinical, hematologic, and inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients of different age groups. Laboratory parameters such as GGT, creatinine, BUN, CRP, procalcitonin, ferritin, and D-dimer were found to be differentially regulated, potentially serving as clinical predictors of disease severity in the population. Age was identified as an important factor influencing the severity of COVID-19.
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(2022)
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Immunology
Lidya Handayani Tjan et al.
Summary: Research has shown that patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 have significantly higher levels of serum cytokines during the acute phase of infection, indicating the key roles of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of asymptomatic or mild COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
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Oncology
Jongmin Lee et al.
Summary: This study from a Korean nationwide cohort suggests that lymphopenia and its severity levels can serve as reliable predictive factors for COVID-19 clinical outcomes, including mortality, need for intensive care, and oxygen requirements. Lymphopenia at the initial presentation of COVID-19 is associated with poor prognosis, and the intensity of lymphopenia is independently associated with higher COVID-19 mortality.
Review
Respiratory System
D. Visca et al.
Summary: This review aims to report the available evidence on the interaction between tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19, discussing their differences and similarities, immunological features, diagnostics, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, as well as public health implications. The shared dysregulation of immune responses in COVID-19 and TB poses a dual risk, and further evidence is needed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on active TB disease. Ongoing studies are expected to provide additional evidence on the potential risks and interactions between the two diseases.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Linda Petrone et al.
Summary: The study revealed that COVID-19 patients with TB or LTBI have a diminished immune response to SARS-CoV-2 but retain the ability to respond to Mtb-specific antigens.
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(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
W. Henry Boom et al.
Summary: Humans have been suffering from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection for thousands of years. While most infected individuals remain asymptomatic, some can clear the infection. Successful control of Mtb infection requires the involvement of various immune mechanisms due to Mtb's ability to evade the immune system.
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(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ashutosh Nath Aggarwal et al.
Summary: Active pulmonary tuberculosis is relatively common among COVID-19 patients and increases the risk of severe COVID-19 and COVID-19-related mortality.
Review
Immunology
Maria Gonzalez-Perez et al.
Summary: Despite the rapid development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, widespread vaccination will take time, making BCG a potential interim solution in mitigating the pandemic impact in some countries; the cross-protective effects of BCG vaccine and its mechanism of trained immunity provide potential applications in respiratory infectious diseases and ongoing SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Espiridion Ramos-Martinez et al.
Summary: The production of specific neutralizing antibodies by individuals plays a crucial role in reducing severe COVID-19 cases, and revaccination with BCG was found to have a positive impact on the response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, leading to increased neutralizing antibody titers and serum cytokine concentrations.
Review
Immunology
Xi Zhou et al.
Summary: The severity of COVID-19 is mainly related to host factors, especially cellular immune responses in patients. Treatment recommendations are tailored based on the dynamics of immune responses, including administering appropriate medications at different stages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Gopala Koneru et al.
Summary: Studies suggest that BCG may induce trained immunity to provide some protection against SARS-CoV-2. Repurposing the well-characterized BCG during the COVID-19 pandemic could offer some degree of protection to the population.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2021)
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Infectious Diseases
Anuradha Rajamanickam et al.
Summary: Individuals with LTBI who are seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit heightened levels of humoral, cytokine, and acute phase responses compared to LTBI-negative individuals. LTBI is associated with modulation of antibody and cytokine responses as well as systemic inflammation in individuals seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ying Luo et al.
Summary: This study established an immunodiagnostic model based on lymphocyte-related indicators to differentiate between active tuberculosis, latent tuberculosis infection, and healthy controls. The model showed high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing active tuberculosis from latent infection and healthy controls.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ana B. Pavel et al.
Summary: A major component of COVID-19 severe respiratory syndrome is the patient's immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the consequential multi-organ inflammatory response. Several studies suggested a potential role of CD4(+) T cells in COVID-19 severe respiratory syndrome. Th2/Th1 imbalance may affect patient outcomes in COVID-19, particularly in asthmatic patients.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Wan-mei Song et al.
Summary: COVID-TB cases predominantly affect males, with non-survivors being older and more likely to have comorbidities such as hypertension and symptoms of dyspnea. Most patients received anti-TB therapy, and there are certain predictors of worse prognosis among COVID-TB cases. The study suggests that COVID-TB patients are more likely to suffer severe disease or death compared to COVID-19 patients.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manu Madan et al.
Summary: Limited data is available on the relationship between COVID-19 and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study found that COVID-19 patients with LTBI tend to have milder disease, higher lymphocyte and monocyte counts, lower neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and lesser radiologic involvement compared to those without LTBI. Further research using larger studies and interferon release assays is needed to confirm these findings.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
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Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heather M. Robison et al.
Summary: Multiparameter diagnostic approach utilizing standardized cytokine biomarkers may enhance risk stratification and management of latent tuberculosis infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lan Yang et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis with devastating effects, where immunopathology plays a crucial role in disease progression, particularly the cytokine storm which has a significant impact on prognosis. Understanding and targeting the pathways involved in cytokine storm could lead to more effective treatment strategies for COVID-19.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
Catherine Riou et al.
Summary: This study found that the attributes of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4(+) T cells were associated with the severity of COVID-19, with severe cases showing poor polyfunctional potential, reduced proliferation capacity, and enhanced HLA-DR expression. HIV-1 and TB coinfection can alter the SARS-CoV-2 T cell response, with HIV-1 causing CD4(+) T cell depletion and active TB leading to decreased polyfunctional capacity of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4(+) T cells in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, COVID-19 patients displayed a reduced frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells, which may affect TB disease progression.
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