Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 106, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.106.084022
Keywords
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [20K14468, 17H06359]
- Portuguese national fund through the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT)
- Centro de Astrofisica e Gravitacao (CENTRA) [UIDB/00099/2020]
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This paper discusses the issues of singular effective metric and gradient or ghost instabilities in a self-interacting massive vector field. The research finds that the singularity formation is not necessarily a fundamental problem, but a breakdown of the effective field theory (EFT) description. It is also discovered that the EFT description breaks before the onset of the ghost instability.
It has been argued that a self-interacting massive vector field is pathological due to a dynamical formation of a singular effective metric of the vector field, which is the onset of a gradient or ghost instability. We discuss that this singularity formation is not necessarily a fundamental problem but a breakdown of the effective field theory (EFT) description of the massive vector field. By using a model of ultraviolet (UV) completion of the massive vector field, we demonstrate that a Proca star, a self-gravitating condensate of the vector field, continues to exist even after the EFT suffers from a gradient instability without any pathology at UV, in which the EFT description is still valid and the gradient instability in EFT may be interpreted as a standard dynamical instability of a high-density boson star from the UV perspective. On the other hand, we find that the EFT description is broken before the ghost instability appears. This suggests that a heavy degree of freedom may be spontaneously excited to cure the pathology of the EFT as the EFT dynamically tends to approach the onset of the ghost instability.
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