☆ 4.8 Review

The Lancet Commission on lessons for the future from the COVID-19 pandemic

LANCET (2022)

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Note: Only part of the references are listed.

Review Criminology & Penology

Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Anastasia Kourti et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in domestic violence cases worldwide, especially during the first week of lockdown. However, reports of child maltreatment and abuse have declined during the pandemic, possibly due to school closures.

TRAUMA VIOLENCE & ABUSE (2023)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Insufficient ventilation led to a probable long-range airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on two buses

Cuiyun Ou et al.

Summary: This study analyzed a COVID-19 outbreak in Hunan Province, China in January 2020, finding that differences in ventilation rates and exposure time explained varying levels of virus transmission between two buses.

BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Female gender is associated with long COVID syndrome: a prospective cohort study

Francesca Bai et al.

Summary: This study explored the association between female gender and long COVID syndrome, and found that female gender, older age, and active smoking were associated with a higher risk of long COVID.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2022)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Poor ventilation worsens short-range airborne transmission of respiratory infection

Yuguo Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 transmission is more common indoors than outdoors, and the ventilation rate significantly impacts airborne transmission. A ventilation rate of 10 L/s per person provides a similar concentration vs distance decay profile to outdoor settings.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

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Article Urology & Nephrology

Long COVID and COVID-19-associated cystitis (CAC)

Laura E. Lamb et al.

Summary: Limited literature exists on genitourinary symptoms in COVID-19, especially in the post-acute phase known as Long COVID. A study identified COVID-19 patients with new or worsening overactive bladder symptoms, termed COVID-19-associated cystitis. The median total OAB symptom score and QoL score for both men and women was reported, highlighting the impact of the virus on urological health and the need for further research to understand and treat Long COVID-related symptoms.

INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY (2022)

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Review Clinical Neurology

A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies comparing mental health before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

Eric Robinson et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there was an overall increase in mental health symptoms observed, which declined over time and returned to pre-pandemic levels by mid-2020 among most population sub-groups and symptom types.

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS (2022)

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Editorial Material Health Care Sciences & Services

A Deadly Infodemic: Social Media and the Power of COVID-19 Misinformation

Michael A. Gisondi et al.

Summary: COVID-19 is currently the third leading cause of death in the United States, and unvaccinated people continue to die in high numbers. Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are fueled by misinformation and disinformation on social media platforms. This editorial discusses the roles of social media companies in the infodemic and urges them to take responsibility in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 misinformation, as well as to foster better partnerships and actions.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH (2022)

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COVID-19 will continue but the end of the pandemic is near Comment

Christopher J. L. Murray

LANCET (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID mortality in India: National survey data and health facility deaths

Prabhat Jha et al.

Summary: According to the survey, the cumulative COVID-19 deaths in India were six to seven times higher than officially reported.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh

Jason Abaluck et al.

Summary: A cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh found that distributing masks and promoting their use can effectively reduce symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, with a significant increase in proper mask-wearing and a decrease in the prevalence of infection, especially among adults aged 60 and above.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Depression pandemic and cardiovascular risk in the COVID-19 era and long COVID syndrome: Gender makes a difference

Valentina Bucciarelli et al.

Summary: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted a significant interplay between cardiovascular disease, inflammatory status, and depression. Gender may act as a potential modifying factor in cardiovascular disease, depression, and the short- and long-term outcomes of COVID-19, with emerging studies showing different impacts on male and female populations. Women seem to experience less severe short-term complications but suffer worse long-term COVID complications, including depression and lifestyle habits that may impact cardiovascular risk.

TRENDS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Did border closures slow SARS-CoV-2?

Mary A. Shiraef et al.

Summary: Despite the implementation of numerous international border closures, research indicates that these measures did not effectively reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, national-level lockdowns were found to be strongly associated with a reduced spread of the virus. Further research is needed to evaluate the unintended consequences of border closures versus lockdowns and the effectiveness of other preventive measures introduced at international borders.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Computer Science, Information Systems

Understanding the spread of COVID-19 misinformation on social media: The effects of topics and a political leader's nudge

Xiangyu Wang et al.

Summary: This study systematically investigated factors related to the spread of multi-topic misinformation on social media using the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as a case study. It found that the topics of misinformation stories and the behaviors of political leaders can significantly influence the dissemination of information.

JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Relative Reproduction Number of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) Compared with Delta Variant in South Africa

Hiroshi Nishiura et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Safeguarding people living in vulnerable conditions in the COVID-19 era through universal health coverage and social protection

Gabriela Cuevas Barron et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented public health, economic, social, and educational crises, exacerbating inequality gaps and negatively impacting long-term physical, socioeconomic, and mental wellbeing. Governments and stakeholders should prioritize programmatic and policy recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19, address its impacts, and reduce health inequalities.

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Review Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Mental Health During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review and Recommendations for Moving Forward

Lara B. Aknin et al.

Summary: COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on people's mental health, with increased levels of anxiety, depression, and distress, particularly in the early stages of the outbreak. However, suicide rates, life satisfaction, and loneliness remained relatively stable during the first year of the pandemic. In response to these findings, seven recommendations are proposed to support mental health during and beyond the pandemic.

PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2022)

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Review Immunology

Understanding Long Covid: Nosology, social attitudes and stigma

Eleanor Alexandra Byrne

Summary: The resistance to compare Long Covid with historically stigmatized existing conditions may perpetuate the stigma associated with these conditions. This resistance needs to be broken down to facilitate the development of effective clinical resources and prevent the impact on patients' illness narratives.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2022)

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Article Immunology

High Prevalence of Anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Anti-SARS-CoV-2) Antibodies After the First Wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo: Results of a Cross-sectional Household-Based Survey

Antoine N. Nkuba et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in Kinshasa, researchers found that the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies was much higher than the reported COVID-19 cases. These findings highlight the importance of conducting serosurveys to understand the underlying infection status and implement appropriate measures.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Nursing

Gender inequality and health disparity amid COVID-19

Zhaohui Su et al.

Summary: Gender inequalities during the pandemic have serious human and economic consequences. COVID-19 has worsened existing gender disparities and introduced unprecedented challenges for women. However, there is a lack of research on health solutions to address these challenges during COVID-19.

NURSING OUTLOOK (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Gender equality and COVID-19: act now before it is too late

Rosemary Morgan et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Financing the future of WHO

Lawrence O. Gostin et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Strengthening public mental health during and after the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Lola Kola et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Quantifying the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender equality on health, social, and economic indicators: a comprehensive review of data from March, 2020, to September, 2021

Luisa S. Flor et al.

Summary: This study aimed to explore the indirect effects of COVID-19 on gender disparities globally. The findings showed that during the pandemic, women experienced greater inequality in employment, forgoing work to care for others, dropping out of school, and experiencing gender-based violence. These results indicate the need for prioritizing policies that promote women's participation in the labor force and education, enabling them to overcome the barriers they face.

LANCET (2022)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

G20′s US$14-trillion economic stimulus reneges on emissions pledges

Jonas M. Nahm et al.

NATURE (2022)

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Review Virology

Effectiveness of public health measures to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at mass gatherings: A rapid review

Kieran A. Walsh et al.

Summary: The study identified evidence from 11 studies involving approximately 30,482 participants, suggesting that implementing a range of measures at mass gatherings may reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but cannot eliminate it entirely. All studies adopted a layered mitigation approach with resource intense measures proving to be most effective.

REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19: What went wrong after initial success in Laos?

Andrew Silver

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Are vaccines a potential treatment for long covid? Benefits are possible, but we need more evidence and a mechanism of action

Manoj Sivan et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Policy stringency and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal analysis of data from 15 countries

Lara B. Aknin et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between COVID-19 policy restrictions and mental health. The findings showed that more stringent COVID-19 policies were associated with poorer mental health, while elimination strategies minimized transmission and deaths but restricted mental health effects.

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Article Humanities, Multidisciplinary

The price of prosociality in pandemic times

Hernando Santamaria-Garcia et al.

Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of factors related to prosocial behavior on the perception of SARS-CoV-2 impacts and responses. The results revealed that empathy and moral tendencies predicted greater acceptance of quarantine but also increased the perception of risks and individual impacts of the pandemic.

HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Racial Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality

Ankur K. Dalsania et al.

Summary: The study shows a clear association between adverse social determinants of health and COVID-19 mortality rates, as well as racial disparities, at the county level. This highlights the need for public health policies addressing racial disparities in health outcomes.

JOURNAL OF RACIAL AND ETHNIC HEALTH DISPARITIES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A review on the cleavage priming of the spike protein on coronavirus by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and furin

Anwarul Hasan et al.

Summary: This review discusses the interactions between the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and human cells, highlighting the role of important receptors like ACE-2 and furin in the virus invasion. It explores the potential inhibitory effects of compounds on the virus, as well as future prospects for drug development.

JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS (2021)

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Letter Rheumatology

Hydroxychloroquine shortages among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics

Arielle Mendel et al.

ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients in Earlier Stages Exhaled Millions of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Per Hour

Jianxin Ma et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients exhale millions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA copies per hour, which is crucial in the transmission of the disease. Exhaled breath has a higher positivity rate compared to surface and air samples, indicating its potential role in spreading the virus.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Global Variation in Subjective Well-Being Predicts Seven Forms of Altruism

Shawn A. Rhoads et al.

Summary: Altruistic behaviors vary geographically and are primarily influenced by national-level subjective well-being and individualist values. Results show that subjective well-being mediates the relationship between wealth and health with altruism, and this indirect effect increases as individualist values rise. Overall, providing resources and cultural values can enhance altruistic behaviors.

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event

Shelly L. Miller et al.

Summary: This study discusses a case transmission event in the Skagit Valley Chorale during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, identifying aerosol transmission as a likely main pathway and proposing ways to reduce infection risk by adjusting factors such as ventilation rate and event duration.

INDOOR AIR (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Older age groups and country-specific case fatality rates of COVID-19 in Europe, USA and Canada

Christian Hoffmann et al.

Summary: The study found that the country-specific case fatality rate of COVID-19 is largely determined by the proportion of older individuals who are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The age distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infections is not uniform, emphasizing the need for detailed demographic data in all analyses on COVID-19 mortality.

INFECTION (2021)

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Article Economics

Overcoming COVID-19 in China despite shortcomings of the public health system: what can we learn?

Mei Mei Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Despite some doubts, China was able to control the epidemic more effectively than many other countries by implementing early and rigorous measures. China's success in containing the disease can be attributed to the early and strict implementation of measures, such as health codes and contact-tracking technology, which effectively prevented a second wave.

HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW (2021)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Political Races, Religious Congregations, and Inefficacious Measures Amid the Second Wave of COVID-19 in India

Akshay P. Raut et al.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Masks and Face Coverings for the Lay Public A Narrative Update

Thomas Czypionka et al.

Summary: The controversy over mandating facemasks in the community to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 is summarized in published literature across disciplines, which also sheds light on the role of masks in mitigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Increasing evidence of SARS-CoV-2 being airborne suggests that infection control interventions need to expand beyond contact and droplet measures, focusing also on masking and ventilation.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of Adding a Mask Recommendation to Other Public Health Measures to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Danish Mask Wearers A Randomized Controlled Trial

Henning Bundgaard et al.

Summary: According to a randomized controlled trial conducted in Denmark, recommending surgical mask use did not significantly reduce the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate, but the results indicated that there may still be some degree of self-protection as suggested by the confidence intervals and related research.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Dermatology

COVID-19-related dermatosis in November 2019: could this case be Italy's patient zero?

R. Gianotti et al.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Serologic Testing of US Blood Donations to Identify Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Reactive Antibodies: December 2019-January 2020

Sridhar Basavaraju et al.

Summary: Residual archived samples from blood donations in the United States showed presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies prior to January 19, 2020, suggesting that the virus might have been introduced into the country earlier than previously thought.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 exposure in Malawian blood donors: an analysis of seroprevalence and variant dynamics between January 2020 and July 2021

Jonathan Mandolo et al.

Summary: The study found that Malawi experienced two waves of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, with widespread exposure and high antibody detection rates in both urban and rural areas. The first wave sera showed higher neutralization activity against the original variant, while the second wave sera exhibited higher neutralization activity against the Beta variant. Blantyre and Mzuzu also showed signs of a third pandemic wave.

BMC MEDICINE (2021)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Escalating violence against health workers prompts calls for action

Abigail Cukier et al.

CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Construction & Building Technology

Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Hua Qian et al.

Summary: Out of 320 prefectural municipalities in China (excluding Hubei Province), 318 outbreaks with three or more cases of SARS-CoV-2 were identified, with home-based outbreaks being the dominant category followed by transport-based outbreaks.

INDOOR AIR (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

High prevalence of pre-existing serological cross-reactivity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in sub-Saharan Africa

For Yue Tso et al.

Summary: The study found a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive antibodies in pre-pandemic plasma samples from SSA compared to the USA, indicating potential cross-protection due to prior exposure to other coronaviruses in SSA. The detection of nucleocapsid proteins from HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-229E in most samples suggests these viruses as the likely sources of cross-reactive antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. The low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in SSA may be correlated with pre-pandemic serological cross-recognition of HCoVs, which are more prevalent in SSA than the USA.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Immunology

Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review

Tommaso Celeste Bulfone et al.

Summary: Studies have shown that only a small proportion of global SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred outdoors, with indoor transmission being more likely compared to outdoor transmission. There is considerable heterogeneity in study quality and definitions of outdoor settings, which limits the ability to draw definitive conclusions about outdoor transmission risks.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fragmented health systems in COVID-19: rectifying the misalignment between global health security and universal health coverage

Arush Lal et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of strengthening global health security and universal health coverage, as well as the need for integration, financing, resilience, and equity in governance, policies, and investments for better health outcomes. By comparing different health systems' responses to the pandemic, essential lessons can be drawn for creating a more sustainable future.

LANCET (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 and the Swedish enigma

Mariam Claeson et al.

LANCET (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

WHY DID THE WORLD'S PANDEMIC WARNING SYSTEM FAIL FOR COVID?

Amy Maxmen

NATURE (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

ROGUE ANTIBODIES COULD BE DRIVING SEVERE COVID-19

Roxanne Khamsi

Summary: Evidence suggests that self-attacking autoantibodies may be crucial in understanding some of the most severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Incidence and Secondary Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Schools

Kanecia O. Zimmerman et al.

Summary: The study found extremely limited within-school secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the first 9 weeks of in-person instruction in North Carolina schools, as determined by contact tracing.

PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

The triumvirate: why hypertension, obesity, and diabetes are risk factors for adverse effects in patients with COVID-19

Harsh Shah et al.

Summary: The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic, leading to a higher risk of severe infection in individuals with hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and related complications. There is an urgent need to develop evidence-based treatment methods to effectively manage chronic diseases in COVID-19 patients without affecting the severity of the infection.

ACTA DIABETOLOGICA (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Perspective Contact Tracing and the COVID-19 Response in Africa: Best Practices, Key Challenges, and Lessons Learned from Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda

Jean B. Nachega et al.

Summary: African countries have implemented strong public health measures early on to combat COVID-19, resulting in lower burdens compared to Western countries. Best practices for contact tracing include multi-platform public communications, technology innovations, and deployment of community health workers, while challenges include overwhelming workload for healthcare workers, misinformation, and poor adherence to isolation and quarantine. Further research and implementation science are needed to evaluate the role of contact tracing and develop cost-effective digital solutions.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

How an outbreak became a pandemic: a chronological analysis of crucial junctures and international obligations in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic

Sudhvir Singh et al.

Summary: The independent panel has conducted a retrospective analysis of events, actions, and recommendations during the outbreak from late 2019 to early 2020, revealing both rapid responses and areas where improvements could have been made. Furthermore, countries with previous experience in handling similar outbreaks were more successful in containing the virus at the initial stage.

LANCET (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

The political theatre of the UK's travel ban on South Africa Comment

Marc Mendelson et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Damian F. Santomauro et al.

Summary: This study aimed to quantify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and burden of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders globally in 2020. The findings showed that the pandemic led to increased prevalence of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders, with females and younger age groups being more affected. The pandemic has created an increased urgency to strengthen mental health systems in most countries and mitigation strategies are needed to address the burden of these mental disorders.

LANCET (2021)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Evidence of early circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in France: findings from the population-based CONSTANCES cohort

Fabrice Carrat et al.

Summary: Through testing serum samples from a French general population-based cohort, researchers found participants with positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test results, some of whom showed early symptoms or potential exposure to SARS-CoV-2 between November 2019 and January 2020.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2021)

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News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

Omicron border bans ignore the evidence, say scientists

Smriti Mallapaty

NATURE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic at the start of 2021: statement of the Lancet COVID-19 Commission

Jeffrey D. Sachs et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Analysis of the initial lot of the CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) real-time RT-PCR diagnostic panel

Justin S. Lee et al.

Summary: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, CDC developed a Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel for SARS-CoV-2 detection, but encountered issues with false-positive reactions in N1 and N3 components. An internal investigation revealed that contamination with a synthetic template caused false reactivity in N1, while base pairing between probe and primer led to false reactivity in N3. These findings prompted improvements in quality control, assurance, and validation practices at CDC.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Attributes and predictors of long COVID

Carole H. Sudre et al.

Summary: Reports on long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, known as 'long COVID', are increasing. Analysis of data from over 4,000 COVID-19 cases revealed that long COVID is more common in older individuals, those with higher body mass index, and females. Experiencing more than five symptoms in the first week of illness was associated with long COVID. A simple model showed promise in distinguishing between short and long COVID cases early in the disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The anti-vaccination infodemic on social media: A behavioral analysis

Federico Germani et al.

Summary: The article points out that anti-vaccination supporters on Twitter are more active, sharing conspiracy theories and using emotional language. They rely on a small fraction of influential figures to disseminate information and form a united community. The article proposes policies targeting the anti-vaccination community and solutions to improve the communication strategy of health organizations.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The origin and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe

Sarah A. Nadeau et al.

Summary: The study examined the migratory patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe before the border closures in spring 2020, revealing that the predominant viral lineage in Europe originated in Italy and local transmission began there before spreading to other European regions. Prior to border closures, the rate of new cases from within-country transmission was comparable to that from migration, indicating the importance of understanding early epidemic states and migration patterns for timely border closure policies.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mechanistic transmission modeling of COVID-19 on the Diamond Princess cruise ship demonstrates the importance of aerosol transmission

Parham Azimi et al.

Summary: The study suggests that aerosol inhalation was the dominant mode of COVID-19 transmission among the passengers on the cruise ship, with short-range, long-range, and fomite transmission contributing similarly. Passenger quarantine measures also impacted the importance of each transmission mode.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Close proximity risk assessment for SARS-CoV-2 infection

G. Cortellessa et al.

Summary: This study provides insights into the mechanism of exposure to exhaled droplets in close proximity and offers a comprehensive risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a minimum safe distance based on exposure duration to reduce the risk of infection.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Article Immunology

NIH funding for vaccine readiness before the COVID-19 pandemic

Anthony E. Kiszewski et al.

Summary: This study examines the maturity of COVID-19 vaccine candidate technologies and NIH funding for these technologies, finding that sustained NIH funding plays a crucial role in advancing vaccine technologies. However, vaccine research against specific pandemic threats did not receive sustained funding.

VACCINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted through the air between ferrets over more than one meter distance

Jasmin S. Kutter et al.

Summary: The study shows that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the air over more than a meter distance in ferrets, indicating that ferrets may be a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Predicting mammalian hosts in which novel coronaviruses can be generated

Maya Wardeh et al.

Summary: The study utilized a machine learning approach to predict associations between mammals and multiple coronaviruses, estimating the potential for novel coronavirus generation through recombination. It demonstrated a significant underestimation of the scale of novel coronavirus generation in wild and domesticated animals, while also identifying high-risk species for coronavirus surveillance.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health

Lauren Paremoer et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Historical Insight into Infections and Disorders Associated with Neurological and Psychiatric Sequelae Similar to Long COVID

George B. Stefano

Summary: Long-term sequelae of COVID-19, known as long COVID, may lead to altered cognition. Historical analysis of past pandemics and epidemics has identified common post-infectious disorders related to long COVID, suggesting potential neural effects from invertebrate and vertebrate virosphere.

MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in six districts in Zambia in July, 2020: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey

Lloyd B. Mulenga et al.

Summary: The study revealed a significantly higher estimated number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to reported cases in six districts in Zambia. The high rtPCR-positive prevalence indicated community transmission, while the low ELISA-positive prevalence was likely influenced by early mitigation measures. It is important for Zambia to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and implement measures to reduce transmission.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Seroprevalence surveys in sub-Saharan Africa: what do they tell us?

Effua Usuf et al.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at Three Fitness Facilities — Hawaii, June–July 2020

Laura M. Groves et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19 Outbreak Among Attendees of an Exercise Facility — Chicago, Illinois, August–September 2020

Frances R. Lendacki et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2021)

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Review Respiratory System

The impact of outdoor air pollution on COVID-19: a review of evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies

Thomas Bourdrel et al.

Summary: Studies suggest that air pollution may contribute to the COVID-19 pandemic, but the specific links are still unclear. Epidemiological investigations have linked various air pollutants to COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, but there are limitations. Air pollution may increase COVID-19 severity and lethality through impacts on chronic diseases and immune response, facilitating viral penetration and replication. Further epidemiological studies and experimental research are needed to better understand the impact of air pollution on COVID-19.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among the general population and healthcare workers in India, June-July 2021: A population-based cross-sectional study

Manoj V. Murhekar et al.

Summary: The fourth nationwide serosurvey conducted in India between June and July 2021 showed that over two-thirds of individuals aged 6 years and above in the general population and 85% of healthcare workers had antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. With one-third of the population still seronegative, accelerating COVID-19 vaccination coverage among adults and maintaining non-pharmaceutical interventions is necessary.

PLOS MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Indoor Air Changes and Potential Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Transmission

Joseph G. Allen et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 elimination, not mitigation, creates best outcomes for health, the economy, and civil liberties

Miquel Oliu-Barton et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Ten scientific reasons in support of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Trisha Greenhalgh et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in the US by Race and Ethnicity and Educational Attainment

Justin M. Feldman et al.

Summary: Racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 mortality exist in the US, with significant disparities based on race, ethnicity, and educational attainment. If all groups had experienced the same mortality rates as college-educated non-Hispanic White individuals, there would have been a 48% reduction in COVID-19 deaths among adults aged 25 years or older.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Health systems resilience in managing the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from 28 countries

Victoria Haldane et al.

Summary: A review of COVID-19 responses in 28 selected countries highlights elements of effective public health responses and provides recommendations for strengthening health systems resilience. The study covers areas such as governance and financing, health workforce, medical products and technologies, public health functions, health service delivery, and community engagement.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Return-to-work, disabilities and occupational health in the age of COVID-19

Diane Godeau et al.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Household COVID-19 risk and in-person schooling

Justin Lessler et al.

Summary: Research suggests that school-based mitigation measures can significantly reduce COVID-19 risk, with a significant relationship no longer observed when seven or more measures are implemented. Additionally, teachers working outside the home are associated with an increased risk of COVID-19, similar to other occupations.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Letter Multidisciplinary Sciences

Investigate the origins of COVID-19

Jesse D. Bloom et al.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

A paradigm shift to combat indoor respiratory infection Building ventilation systems must get much better

Lidia Morawska et al.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Timing the SARS-CoV-2 index case in Hubei province

Jonathan Pekar et al.

Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 may have emerged in Hubei province, China between mid-October and mid-November 2019. The dynamics of the virus before discovery showed that over two-thirds of SARS-CoV-2-like zoonotic events would self-limit, without causing a pandemic. The study highlights shortcomings in current zoonosis surveillance methods.

SCIENCE (2021)

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Review Health Policy & Services

Community health workers at the dawn of a new era: 11. CHWs leading the way to Health for All

Henry B. Perry et al.

Summary: CHWs are increasingly recognized as critical in achieving national and global health goals. Despite facing challenges such as inadequate funding and supervision, strengthening CHW programs is essential in realizing their enormous potential. Increased sustainable funding, domestic political support, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation are crucial in accelerating progress towards global health goals.

HEALTH RESEARCH POLICY AND SYSTEMS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic differences in comorbidities and associated severity and mortality among individuals with COVID-19

Bhaskar Thakur et al.

Summary: COVID-19 patients commonly have comorbidities such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, with chronic kidney or other renal diseases, cerebrovascular accident, and cardiovascular disease associated with higher severity and mortality rates. There is considerable variation in comorbidity prevalence, severity, and mortality across different geographic regions, with the highest mortality observed in Latin American and European patients, particularly older adults and males. Risk stratification and control strategies for COVID-19 should consider comorbidities, age, and gender differences specific to geographical location.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Covid-19 has redefined airborne transmission Improving indoor ventilation and air quality will help us all to stay safe

Julian W. Tang et al.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Factors Associated with the Implementation of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Reducing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review

Krishna Regmi et al.

Summary: There has been much discussion about the importance of implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to protect the public from COVID-19. Different governments have adopted various NPIs to reduce transmission, but the effectiveness and factors impacting NPI are varied. This study reviewed factors associated with NPI implementation and highlighted the need for a combination of measures to effectively reduce COVID-19.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Review Microbiology

Emergence of Bat-Related Betacoronaviruses: Hazard and Risks

Roger Frutos et al.

Summary: The current COVID-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the threat of coronavirus-induced diseases. Despite worldwide distribution of bats and bat-borne beta-CoVs, only a few hotspots of beta-CoV emergence have been identified, with monitoring in South and East Africa as well as South America suggested for future hotspots.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Clinical Neurology

Persistent neurologic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers

Edith L. Graham et al.

Summary: This study investigated the neurologic manifestations in non-hospitalized Covid-19 long haulers, revealing prominent symptoms such as brain fog and fatigue which negatively affect their cognition and quality of life.

ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY (2021)

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Article Psychology, Biological

A global database of COVID-19 vaccinations

Edouard Mathieu et al.

Summary: An effective rollout of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in ending the pandemic, and Our World in Data's vaccination dataset tracks the progress and scale of vaccine distribution globally, aiding policymakers and researchers in understanding the global vaccination efforts.

NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR (2021)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Reimagining global health systems for the 21st century: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic

Yibeltal Assefa et al.

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Reducing COVID-19 airborne transmission risks on public transportation buses: an empirical study on aerosol dispersion and control

Nathan J. Edwards et al.

Summary: This study fully characterizes the dispersion and control of cough aerosols in the turbulent real-world environment of driving regular bus routes during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of masks in reducing particle count and dispersion distance, as well as the reduction in aerosol particles and residence time with certain control measures. The study provides empirical observations of aerosol dispersion in a real-world air environment and offers insights for improving bus air quality and operational considerations for public transportation organizations in various weather conditions.

AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Prisons and COVID-19 Spread in the United States

Kaitlyn M. Sims et al.

Summary: The study shows that the presence and capacities of prisons are strong correlates of county-level COVID-19 case counts, with the presence of prisons leading to a 9% increase in case counts during the first wave of the pandemic. Policymakers should consider the public health concerns posed by prisons when developing pandemic-response policies.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Kumbh Mela Religious Gathering as a Massive Superspreading Event: Potential Culprit for the Exponential Surge of COVID-19 Cases in India

Ian Christopher N. Rocha et al.

Summary: Kumbh Mela in India, a significant religious gathering, turned into a massive superspreading event for COVID-19, contributing to the uncontrollable second wave of the pandemic in the country. Leadership worldwide should learn from this experience to prevent and manage potential superspreading events and curb the spike of COVID-19 cases.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effective public health measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19: a systematic review

Imen Ayouni et al.

Summary: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of various public health interventions, including travel restrictions, border measures, quarantine, city lockdowns, mass gathering restrictions, social distancing, mask wearing, contact tracing, testing, school closures, and personal protective equipment in mitigating the spread of COVID-19.

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review

Edward C. Holmes et al.

Summary: This article critically reviews the current scientific evidence to help clarify the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Recent debate has centered around two competing ideas: a laboratory escape scenario and zoonotic emergence.

CELL (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 in older adults

Saket Saxena et al.

CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Editorial Material Immunology

A Paradigm Shift to Align Transmission Routes With Mechanisms

Linsey C. Marr et al.

Summary: Current infection-control guidelines are outdated and need to be modified to more accurately describe different transmission routes in order to improve control measures for emerging more transmissible variants of SARS-CoV-2.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Immunology

Impact of the Delta variant on vaccine efficacy and response strategies

Lianlian Bian et al.

Summary: The Delta variant has caused a new wave of COVID-19 epidemic, requiring a higher proportion of the population to be vaccinated to reduce disease burden. Existing vaccines have shown decreased protective efficacy against the Delta variant, with a decline in neutralizing antibody titers post-vaccination. Accelerating vaccine coverage and intervention measures like mask-wearing are effective ways to control the spread of the Delta variant.

EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES (2021)

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Letter Health Care Sciences & Services

Trends and Disparities in Teleworking During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: May 2020-February 2021

Adam W. Gaffney et al.

JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Aerosols should not be defined by distance travelled

J. W. Tang et al.

JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Systematic review of empirical studies comparing the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19

Alba Mendez-Brito et al.

Summary: School closing, workplace closing, business and venue closing, and public event bans were found to be the most effective NPIs in controlling the spread of COVID-19 based on a systematic review of 34 studies. Early implementation and a combination of specific social distancing measures were associated with reducing COVID-19 cases and deaths.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review

Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi et al.

Summary: Patients with long COVID experience a wide range of physical and mental symptoms, with common issues including fatigue, shortness of breath, and headaches. Beyond symptoms and complications, they often report impaired quality of life, mental health issues, and employment problems.

JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2's origin should be investigated worldwide for pandemic prevention

Zhiqiang Wu et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A beautiful idea: how COVAX has fallen short

Ann Danaiya Usher

LANCET (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2

Jacques van Helden et al.

LANCET (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Tracking development assistance for health and for COVID-19: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 204 countries and territories, 1990-2050

Angela E. Micah et al.

Summary: Global health spending is expected to continue to grow, but remain unequally distributed between countries. In 2020, we estimate that development organisations substantially increased the amount of development assistance for health provided. Continued efforts are needed to raise sufficient resources to mitigate the pandemic for the most vulnerable, and to help curtail the pandemic for all.

LANCET (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

Emma B. Hodcroft et al.

Summary: A variant of SARS-CoV-2, 20E (EU1), was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and later spread across Europe. Despite not showing increased transmissibility, the variant's success can be attributed to rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment measures. Travel played a significant role in introducing the variant multiple times to European countries during the summer, undermining local efforts to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.

NATURE (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Pediatric long-COVID: An overlooked phenomenon?

Caroline L. H. Brackel et al.

Summary: A survey of Dutch pediatricians identified 89 children aged 2-18 suspected of long-COVID, with 36% experiencing severe limitations in daily function. Common symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and concentration difficulties. The study emphasizes the need for a multidisciplinary approach to early detection and effective management of this condition in pediatric population.

PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Racial and ethnic differentials in COVID-19-related job exposures by occupational standing in the US

Noreen Goldman et al.

Summary: This study examines racial and ethnic disparities in work-related exposure to COVID-19, and finds that white frontline workers are often overrepresented in high-risk jobs, while black and Latino frontline workers are generally underrepresented. However, further analysis by occupational standing reveals that Latino and black frontline workers are overrepresented in lower standing occupations and may have inadequate COVID-19 protections.

PLOS ONE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Temporal trends of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in Kenya

Ifedayo M. O. Adetifa et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Kenya found that while the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors was relatively low, there was evidence of widespread transmission with low associated mortality. This suggests that although many individuals in Kenya remained susceptible to COVID-19, the virus had already spread widely throughout the country.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Animal sales from Wuhan wet markets immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic

Xiao Xiao et al.

Summary: The study documents the sale of 47,381 individuals from 38 species in Wuhan's markets, noting the absence of pangolins and bats which supports the theory that they are not the source of the COVID-19 pandemic. China implemented a temporary ban on wildlife trade and a permanent ban on eating and trading terrestrial wild animals to protect human health, address past inconsistencies, and benefit global biodiversity conservation and animal welfare.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of contact tracing apps for SARS-CoV-2: a rapid systematic review

Kevin Jenniskens et al.

Summary: Studies suggest that contact tracing apps for SARS-CoV-2 can be effective in reducing transmission and mortality rates, but the specific impact depends on other model parameters. Further methodologically sound comparative studies are needed to confirm these findings.

BMJ OPEN (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

Changing the Narrative: Structural Barriers and Racial and Ethnic Inequities in COVID-19 Vaccination

Anuli Njoku et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States, with disparities in vaccine access threatening their health despite the promising solution of vaccination. Discussions have focused on vaccine hesitancy and structural racism as drivers of disparate vaccination rates among racial and ethnic minorities. Recommendations include public health, health system, and community-engaged approaches to reduce racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and mortality.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mounting antiscience aggression in the United States

Peter J. Hotez

Summary: There is a troubling new expansion of antiscience aggression in the United States, led by far-right extremism targeting prominent biological scientists fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.

PLOS BIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Dating first cases of COVID-19

David L. Roberts et al.

Summary: The study suggests that COVID-19 may have emerged in China as early as November 17, 2019, and had spread globally by January 2020. Novel methods showed that six countries had exceptionally early cases, which were unlikely to be part of their main case series. These results imply an earlier and more rapid timeline of spread than previously thought based on confirmed cases.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Barbara Chmielewska et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes, leading to increased rates of stillbirth, maternal death, surgically managed ectopic pregnancies, and postpartum depression. Disparities exist between high-resource and low-resource settings, emphasizing the urgent need for prioritizing safe, accessible, and equitable maternity care in response to this pandemic and future health crises.

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments

Shin Jie Yong

Summary: Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome is a poorly understood condition that affects survivors with symptoms like fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive impairments, and more. The pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments are still lacking in literature, but potential treatments may include rehabilitation training and repurposed drugs from similar conditions. Further research is needed to substantiate risk factors and treatment options.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Learning from previous lockdown measures and minimising harmful biopsychosocial consequences as they end: A systematic review

Paula A. Muehlschlegel et al.

Summary: This systematic review aims to analyze the biopsychosocial consequences after lockdown measures end according to short, medium, and long-term impacts. The study found that short to long-term effects included psychological distress, economic repercussions, maladaptive behaviors, and mental health deterioration. Supporting vulnerable groups and offering education, workplace modifications, financial, and social assistance may mitigate negative repercussions.

JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Microbiology

Investigation of Long COVID Prevalence and Its Relationship to Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation

Jeffrey E. Gold et al.

Summary: The study found a prevalence of 30.3% for long COVID symptoms among COVID-19 patients, with some initially asymptomatic patients developing long-term symptoms. Additionally, a significantly higher rate of EBV reactivation was observed in long COVID subjects compared to control subjects, suggesting a potential association between COVID-19 inflammation and EBV reactivation.

PATHOGENS (2021)

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Article Biology

How did we get here: what are droplets and aerosols and how far do they go? A historical perspective on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases

K. Randall et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed gaps in our understanding of airborne virus transmission, leading to confusion in public health policies and messaging. Current recommendations are based on inconsistent principles requiring better collaboration and integration of scientific research for effective public health policies.

INTERFACE FOCUS (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools: An updated living systematic review (version 2; November 2020)

Wei Xu et al.

Summary: This study updated a living systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools, finding low overall infection rates and slightly higher rates among students compared to staff. Limited high-quality evidence is available to quantify the extent of transmission in schools.

JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Burden and characteristics of COVID-19 in the United States during 2020

Pei Sen et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic in the United States in 2020 was characterized by increasing ascertainment rates, high population susceptibility, and rising community infectious rates, with infection fatality rate decreasing towards the end of the year.

NATURE (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Optimal strategies for COVID-19 prevention from global evidence achieved through social distancing, stay at home, travel restriction and lockdown: a systematic review

Tadele Girum et al.

Summary: The study reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of social distancing, stay at home, travel restrictions, and lockdown in preventing COVID-19. Mandatory, long-term, and early initiated programs were found to be more effective in reducing contacts and infections.

ARCHIVES OF PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Economics

Comparing COVID-19 Control in the Asia-Pacific and North Atlantic Regions

Jeffrey D. Sachs

ASIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS (2021)

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Article Economics

The Paradox of Thailand's Success in Controlling COVID-19

Poum Tangkitvanich

Summary: Thailand has been successful in containing COVID-19 due to high public fear, strict border control, centralized leadership, active involvement of health volunteers, cautious phased lockdown lifting, and effective response to threats of a second wave. However, the economy is expected to contract by 8 percent, reflecting low potential GDP growth rate, high dependence on tourism, and overly strict measures used to contain the virus.

ASIAN ECONOMIC PAPERS (2021)

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Article Endocrinology & Metabolism

Long COVID: An overview

A. V. Raveendran et al.

Summary: Long COVID refers to the persistence of symptoms in individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly related to organ damage, post viral syndrome, etc. Clinical evaluation should focus on identifying the pathophysiology and appropriate remedial measures.

DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS (2021)

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Letter Respiratory System

Long COVID-19: An emerging pandemic in itself

Karthikeyan P. Iyengar et al.

ADVANCES IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Health Care Sciences & Services

Long-COVID Syndrome? A Study on the Persistence of Neurological, Psychological and Physiological Symptoms

Graziella Orru et al.

Summary: The study investigated the impact of long COVID on the general population during the ongoing pandemic, finding that common symptoms included headache, fatigue, and insomnia, leading to a decrease in overall quality of life.

HEALTHCARE (2021)

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Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

COVID-19 Protective Behaviors Are Forms of Prosocial and Unselfish Behaviors

Bojana M. Dinic et al.

Summary: The study found that the tendency to help anonymously has a positive effect on protective behaviors, while selfishness has a negative effect. Among context-related factors, fear has a significant impact on protective behaviors, whereas empathy plays a more complex role in influencing these behaviors.

FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2021)

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Article Environmental Sciences

The relationship between cultural tightness-looseness and COVID-19 cases and deaths: a global analysis

Michele J. Gelfand et al.

Summary: The study found that by October 2020, countries with high cultural looseness were estimated to have higher numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths compared to countries with high cultural tightness. Furthermore, the evolutionary game theoretic model suggested that tight groups cooperate faster under threat and have higher survival rates.

LANCET PLANETARY HEALTH (2021)

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Review Criminology & Penology

Domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic-Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Alex R. Piquero et al.

Summary: The review found that domestic violence incidents increased in response to stay-at-home/lockdown orders during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a stronger effect observed in studies conducted in the United States.

JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Words matter: political and gender analysis of speeches made by heads of government during the COVID-19 pandemic

Sara Dada et al.

Summary: The analysis of speeches from 20 heads of government around the world revealed five primary themes in discussions of COVID-19: economics, social welfare, nationalism, responsibility and emotional appeals. Women leaders focused on individual impacts and discussed a wider range of social welfare services, while leaders from lower-resource settings emphasized detailed financial relief and support. Men leaders used war metaphors more frequently in their speeches.

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Economics

Prosociality predicts health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic

Pol Campos-Mercade et al.

Summary: Prosocial behavior is crucial for slowing the spread of infectious diseases, with individuals more inclined to protect others' health over personal benefits. Experimental measurements of prosociality predict health behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, and prosociality measured two years before the pandemic also predicts health behaviors during the pandemic.

JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ECONOMICS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Unexpected detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the prepandemic period in Italy

Giovanni Apolone et al.

Summary: The study found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus began circulating in Italy as early as September 2019 among asymptomatic individuals, shedding light on the origin and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.

TUMORI JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Immunology

Identification of a novel lineage bat SARS-related coronaviruses that use bat ACE2 receptor

Hua Guo et al.

Summary: The study identified a new lineage of SARSr-CoVs, including RaTG15 and other viruses, in bats with characteristics similar to SARS-CoV-2 but distinct from known SARSr-CoVs. The results highlighted the need for further systematic and longitudinal research to prevent future cross-species transmission events caused by SARSr-CoVs or to better understand the origin of SARS-CoV-2.

EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS (2021)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19-related misinformation on social media: a systematic review

Elia Gabarron et al.

Summary: This study aimed to review misinformation on social media related to COVID-19 during the initial phase of the pandemic. The findings revealed a wide range of misinformation proportions, with some studies not categorizing the type of misinformation while others described specific myths. Some studies also highlighted the negative consequences of COVID-19 misinformation, with fear or panic being a common outcome. Social media's role in disseminating accurate information and misinformation is increasingly prominent, and the insights gained from this review can help health-care organizations better prepare for future infodemics.

BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (2021)

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Letter Immunology

Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in an Oropharyngeal Swab Specimen, Milan, Italy, Early December 2019

Antonella Amendola et al.

Summary: The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a child's oropharyngeal swab specimen collected in early December 2019, approximately 3 months before the first identified COVID-19 case in Italy, provides new insights into the timing and mapping of coronavirus transmission pathways.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) early-stage importation risk to Europe, January 2020

Giulia Pullano et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2020)

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Article Infectious Diseases

First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020

Gianfranco Spiteri et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Patients Recovered From COVID-19

Lan Lan et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States

Michelle L. Holshue et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia

Qun Li et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Microbiology

Proposed Changes to US Policy on Potential Pandemic Pathogen Oversight and Implementation

Thomas V. Inglesby et al.

MSPHERE (2020)

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Article Environmental Sciences

How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised?

Lidia Morawska et al.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2020)

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Letter Respiratory System

Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study

Rong-Hui Du et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak

Chad R. Wells et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Offline: Why President Trump is wrong about WHO

Richard Horton

LANCET (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses

Delan Devakumar et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic?

Roy M. Anderson et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Public Health Response to the Initiation and Spread of Pandemic COVID-19 in the United States, February 24-April 21, 2020

Anne Schuchat

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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COVID-19: The First Posttruth Pandemic

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Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality

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Short-range airborne route dominates exposure of respiratory infection during close contact

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Recognizing and controlling airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments

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INDOOR AIR (2020)

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Symptom Duration and Risk Factors for Delayed Return to Usual Health Among Outpatients with COVID-19 in a Multistate Health Care Systems Network - United States, March-June 2020

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MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

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NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Community health workers for pandemic response: a rapid evidence synthesis

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Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response

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BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2020)

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COVID-19 travel restrictions and the International Health Regulations (2005)

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BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2020)

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Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics (2020)

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The Lancet COVID-19 Commission

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Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil

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LANCET (2020)

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Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Derek K. Chu et al.

LANCET (2020)

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The COVID-19 infodemic

[Anonymous]

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Zoonotic host diversity increases in human-dominated ecosystems

Rory Gibb et al.

NATURE (2020)

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Temporal association between particulate matter pollution and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Wuhan

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Potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on a flight from Singapore to Hangzhou, China: An epidemiological investigation

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Social consequences of mass quarantine during epidemics: a systematic review with implications for the COVID-19 response

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Lancet COVID-19 Commission Statement on the occasion of the 75th session of the UN General Assembly

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Anti-science extremism in America: escalating and globalizing

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MICROBES AND INFECTION (2020)

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Community Health Workers and Covid-19-Addressing Social Determinants of Health in Times of Crisis and Beyond

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COVID-SCORE: A global survey to assess public perceptions of government responses to COVID-19 (COVID-SCORE-10)

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Demographic perspectives on the mortality of COVID-19 and other epidemics

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Effective mitigation strategy in early stage of COVID-19 pandemic in China

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INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF POVERTY (2020)

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Quantitative assessment of the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Prospective and retrospective applications

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Coronaviruses closely related to the pandemic virus discovered in Japan and Cambodia

Smriti Mallapaty

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Prevalence and predictors of death and severe disease in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 77 studies and 38,000 patients

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Male sex identified by global COVID-19 meta-analysis as a risk factor for death and ITU admission

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NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS (2020)

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POLITICS & GENDER (2020)

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In-flight transmission of COVID-19 on flights to Greece: An epidemiological analysis

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International cooperation during the COVID-19 pandemic

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OXFORD REVIEW OF ECONOMIC POLICY (2020)

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In Flight Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory SARS-CoV-2

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Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 During Long-Haul Flight

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Flight-Associated Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Corroborated by Whole-Genome Sequencing

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FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY (2020)

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Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the air of a hospital room with COVID-19 patients

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COVID-19 in adult patients with pre-existing chronic cardiac, respiratory and metabolic disease: a critical literature review with clinical recommendations

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Monica Solinas-Saunders

AMERICAN REVIEW OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2020)

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On results reporting and evidentiary standards: spotlight on the Global Fund

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LANCET (2019)

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CELL (2019)

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ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH, VOL 40 (2019)

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Income Inequality, Life Satisfaction Inequality and Trust: A Cross Country Panel Analysis

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Understanding bat SARS-like coronaviruses for the preparation of future coronavirus outbreaks Implications for coronavirus vaccine development

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HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS (2017)

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CURRENT BIOLOGY (2016)

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Geographical Differences in Subjective Well-Being Predict Extraordinary Altruism

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Epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in a boarding school: Serological analysis of 1570 cases

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A review of studies on animal reservoirs of the SARS coronavirus

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Effect of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation on viral aerosols

Christopher M. Walker et al.

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Origins of major human infectious diseases

Nathan D. Wolfe et al.

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Wildlife, exotic pets, and emerging zoonoses

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Furin cleavage of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein enhances cell-cell fusion but does not affect virion entry

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VIROLOGY (2006)

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Influenza pandemics of the 20th century

ED Kilbourne

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2006)

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The swine flu episode and the fog of epidemics

R Krause

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2006)

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