Journal
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
Volume 82, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10976-9
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [12175105, 11575083, 11565017]
- Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TAPP)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [NS2020054]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [12235019]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2020YFC2201400]
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In this paper, we derive the equations of state for the FRW universe in Einstein gravity and a modified gravity. The equation of state from Einstein gravity shows no P-V phase transition, while the equation of state from the modified gravity does, with the critical exponents being the same as those in mean field theory.
We define thermodynamic pressure P by work density W as the conjugate quantity of thermodynamic volume V from field equation. We derive the equations of state P=P(V, T) for the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe in Einstein gravity and a modified gravity respectively. We find that the equation of state from Einstein gravity shows no P-V phase transition, while the equation of state from the modified gravity does, where the critical exponents are the same as those in mean field theory.
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