Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Volume 106, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.106.105004
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Funding
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS) project at Keio University
- JSPS KAKENHI [JP19K03852, JP21J00480, JP21K13928]
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This article investigates the instability of 0-form and higher-form symmetries in the presence of background fields and provides a counting rule to describe the number of unstable NG modes.
Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes for 0-form and higher-form symmetries can become unstable in the presence of background fields. Examples include the instability of a photon with a time-dependent axion background or with a chirality imbalance, known as the chiral plasma instability, and the instability of a dynamical axion with a background electric field. We show that all these phenomena can be universally described by a symmetry algebra for 0-form and higher-form symmetries. We prove a counting rule for the number of unstable NG modes in terms of correlation functions of broken symmetry generators. Based on our unified description, we further give a simple new example where one of the NG modes associated with the spontaneous 0-form symmetry breaking U(1) x U(1) -> {1} becomes unstable.
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