Journal
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 186, Issue -, Pages 83-95Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.01.010
Keywords
Neuroglia; Homeostasis; Neuromodulation; Gliotransmission; PreBotzinger complex; Retrotrapezoid nucleus; Hypoxic ventilatory response; Central chemosensitivity; Purinergic signaling
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR) [RES0006842, MOP53085, MOP130306]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [RGPIN 402532]
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI)
- Alberta Innovates Health Solutions (AIHS)
- Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
- Alberta Science and Research Authority (ASRA)
- WCHRI
- CIHR
- AIHS
- CNPq (Science without Borders) [209935/2013-8, 209934/2013-1]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
While once viewed as mere housekeepers, providing structural and metabolic support for neurons, it is now clear that neuroglia do much more. Phylogenetically, they have undergone enormous proliferation and diversification as central nervous systems grew in their complexity. In addition, they: i) are morphologically and functionally diverse; ii) play numerous, vital roles in maintaining CNS homeostasis; iii) are key players in brain development and responses to injury; and, iv) via gliotransmission, are likely participants in information processing. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of neuroglia in maintaining homeostasis in the CNS, their evolutionary origins, the different types of neuroglia and their functional significance for respiratory control, and finally consider evidence that they contribute to the processing of chemosensory information in the respiratory network and the homeostatic control of blood gases. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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