Characterizing Error Mitigation by Symmetry Verification in QAOA

Hardware errors are a major obstacle to demonstrating quantum advantage with the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). Recently, symmetry verification has been proposed and empirically demonstrated to boost the quantum state fidelity, the expected solution quality, and the success probability of QAOA on a superconducting quantum processor. Symmetry verification uses parity checks that leverage the symmetries of the objective function to be optimized. We develop a theoretical framework for analyzing this approach under local noise and derive explicit formulas for fidelity improvements on problems with global Z(2) symmetry. We numerically investigate the symmetry verification on the MaxCut problem and identify the error regimes in which this approach improves the QAOA objective. We observe that these regimes correspond to the error rates present in near-term hardware. We further demonstrate the efficacy of symmetry verification on an IonQ trapped ion quantum processor where an improvement in the QAOA objective of up to 19.2% is observed.

Automated summary

Researchers propose and demonstrate the effectiveness of symmetry verification in improving the performance of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA). They develop a theoretical framework and provide explicit formulas for fidelity improvements under local noise. Numerical investigations show that this approach is effective in addressing problems with specific error rates.