The Number of Elementary Fermions and the Electromagnetic Coupling

Electric charges and masses of elementary fermions of the Standard Model and fundamental physical constants (speed of light in vacuum, Planck constant, gravitational constant, vacuum permittivity, electron charge) are related through a simple equation. This new relation links 10 of the free parameters of the Standard Model-the masses of the three charged leptons and six quarks, and the electromagnetic coupling-in a compact formula, leaving strong constraints for allowing further elementary charged fermions beyond the Standard Model's physics. The formula is not derived by theoretical calculations, but it is based on the empirically measured values of the electric charges and proper masses of the known elementary fermions.

Automated summary

The electric charges and masses of elementary fermions in the Standard Model are related to fundamental physical constants through a simple equation. This equation provides a compact formula that links the free parameters of the Standard Model and imposes constraints on additional charged fermions beyond the Standard Model.