Investigating the effect of Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies extension on dark matter searches with Fermi-LAT data

Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way with high mass-to-light ratios and little baryon content, i.e., dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), are among the most promising targets to detect or constrain the nature of dark matter (DM) through its final annihilation products into high-energy photons. Previously, the assumption that DM emission from dSphs is pointlike has been used to set strong constraints on DM candidates using data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). However, due to their high DM densities and proximity, dSphs actually have sufficient angular extension to be detected by the Fermi-LAT. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis about the impact of accounting for angular extension in the search for gamma-ray DM signals toward known dSphs with Fermi-LAT. We show that, depending on the dSph under consideration, limits on the DM cross section can be weakened by up to a factor of 2-2.5, while the impact on the stacked, i.e., combined, limits is at most 1.5-1.8 depending on the annihilation channel. This result is of relevance when comparing dSph limits to other multimessenger DM constraints and for testing the DM interpretation of anomalous excesses.

Automated summary

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis on the impact of accounting for angular extension in the search for gamma-ray dark matter (DM) signals towards known dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) using Fermi-LAT. The results show that considering angular extension can weaken the limits on the DM cross section, with a larger impact on individual dSphs compared to stacked limits.