Journal
GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS
Volume 97, Issue 1, Pages 41-53Publisher
GENETICS SOC JAPAN
DOI: 10.1266/ggs.21-00065
Keywords
sperm; chromatin condensation; histone-protamine replacement
Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI [19H05254, 20H05939]
- JST ERATO [JPMJER1901]
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Sperm chromatin condensation is a crucial step in protecting paternal DNA and acquiring fertility. Various events interact with each other during this process, affecting sperm shape and chromatin state. This review discusses nuclear and non-nuclear factors that influence sperm chromatin condensation and explores its potential clinical applications.
Sperm chromatin condensation is a critical step in mammalian spermatogenesis to protect the paternal DNA from external damaging factors and to acquire fertility. During chromatin condensation, various events proceed in a chronological order, independently or in sequence, interacting with each other both inside and outside the nucleus to support the dramatic chromatin changes. Among these events, histone-protamine replacement, which is concomitant with acrosome biogenesis and cytoskeletal alteration, is the most critical step associated with nuclear elongation. Failures of not only intranuclear events but also extra-nuclear events severely affect sperm shape and chromatin state and are subsequently linked to infertility. This review focuses on nuclear and non-nuclear factors that affect sperm chromatin condensation and its effects, and further discusses the possible utility of sperm chromatin for clinical applications.
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