MOLECULAR MARKER (PCR-RFLP) ASSISTED IDENTIFICATION OF MEAT SPECIES BY MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE SUBUNIT I (COI) GENE

To guard consumers from meat adulteration, there is a dire obligation to encompass a sensitive, simple, and precise way for the identification of meat animal species. Molecular techniques have hoisted the expectations of developing authentic and reliable methods for testing the origin of meat species. This study explains the utilization of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism along with mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene to identify six meat species i.e., buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), cow (Bos indicus), cat (Felis catus), goat (Capra hircus), donkey ( Equus asinus) and sheep (Ovis aries). Universal primers were utilized to amplify a specific region ( approx. 710 bp) encoding the mitochondrial COI gene in each species and after insilico analysis two restriction enzymes (TasI and TruI) were selected to digest all desired amplicons. Restriction analysis on 3% agarose gel uncovered unique speciesspecific restriction profiles. The level of COI variation by utilizing TasI and TruI was found to be adequate to produce effectively analyzable species-specific profiles that could recognize all species unambiguously. This study suggested that PCR-RFLP is a swift and reliable scheme in favor of recognition and discrimination of analyzed meat species by mitochondrial COI gene and can be employed in food control laboratories.

Automated summary

This study demonstrates the use of molecular techniques, specifically PCR-RFLP, to identify different meat animal species. The results show that by utilizing the mitochondrial COI gene and TasI and TruI restriction enzymes, reliable species-specific profiles can be generated to distinguish and identify each species. The study suggests that PCR-RFLP is a quick and reliable method that can be widely employed in food control laboratories.