Journal
SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 8, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su8080723
Keywords
carbon emission calculation; pavement construction; China
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [71502032]
- National Social Science foundation, China [12BJY021]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
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While various methodologies for quantifying carbon emissions of pavement construction are developed worldwide, adopting and promoting the existing tools to China's market is found fairly challenging due to institutional constraints. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to propose a methodology for measuring carbon emissions of pavement construction compatible with the fixed pricing systems prevalent in China; and develop an automatic tool for carbon estimations. The total carbon emissions are measured by aggregating emissions of energy consumption and materials used along with four stages, namely material manufacture, transportation, construction, and disposal. A set of composite carbon emission factors for energy and materials was calculated based on existing emission factors with the consideration of the boundaries concerned. The quantity of energy and materials used in pavement construction are obtained through bills of quantity and the fixed price system. The database of the emission factors for energy and materials was embedded into a C# based tool, and validated in a real case.
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